Implications for the development

CONSERVAREA ŞI RESTAURAREA 
PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL – 
EXPERIENȚĂ ŞI BUNE PRACTICI

---

Conferință științifică internațională, Chișinău, 22-23 septembrie 2020, ediția a II-a
~ 335 ~
Nicoleta VORNICU
cercetător Științific I, doctor în chimie, doctor habilitat în arte vizuale
Centrul Mitropolitan de Cercetări TABOR, Iasi, România
email: [e-mail]
Cristina BIBIRE
cercetător Științific II, doctor
Centrul Mitropolitan de Cercetări TABOR, Iasi, România
email: [e-mail]
BIODEGRADAREA PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL, 
STUDIU PRIVIND MECANISMELE ŞI METODELE CONTROL
Summary
.
 Biodegradation of cultural heritage, study on control mechanisms and methods. 
Cultural heritage consists of goods made from almost all types of materials existing in nature, which 
have been processed resulting in several types of artifacts from very simple mono-components to 
complex structures that integrate inorganic and organic materials. These cultural heritage goods, even 
if they are made of stone or metals, are influenced by environmental parameters, which can change 
their structure and composition. Moreover, because they are inserted into the biosphere they can be 
degraded by biological mechanisms. The biotransformation process is favored in hot-humid climate 
areas, where environmental conditions are extremely favorable for the growth of most organisms. An 
important role is also played by the bioreceptivity of the support material which contributes to the 
establishment, anchoring and development of biodeteriorants.
The role of conservatives is to try to avoid the involvement of environmental factors and restorers 
to repair the damage suffered. The process of growth and vegetative development of organisms has a 
direct consequence on the conservation of cultural assets by inducing changes in both their composi-
tional and structural characteristics. The species that degrade these materials range from microscopic 
bacterial cells to higher plants and animals.
The main types of biodegradation derive from the metabolic activity of organisms / microorgan-
isms leading to physical, chemical and aesthetic degradation, while their intensity is strictly correlated 
with: the type and size of the organism involved; the type of material and its state of preservation; en-
vironmental conditions, microclimatic exposure; the level and types of air pollutants. Various meth-
ods have been used to classify and quantify the microorganisms and macroorganisms involved in 
biodegradation processes. Ecological and physiological parameters related to the development of spe-
cific biodeteriogens were investigated together with the effect of their increase on material weather.
In direct or indirect conservation interventions, methodologies have been applied to stop or slow 
down the biodeterioration process. Methodologies and products should be chosen taking into ac-
count the type of substrate and the species to be treated in situ so as not to cause negative interference 
with the materials and to have a low impact on the environment.