2 .4 . Palpatsiya (ushlab ko‘rish, paypaslab ko^ ish)
T e k s h i r i l a y o t g a n o r g a n v a t t f q i m a n i n g b i r q a t o r fu n k s iy a la r i
p a lp a ts iy a y o r d a m i d a a n i q l a n a d i , m a s a l a n , t e k s h ir ila y o tg a n o r
g a n y u z a s in i n g x a r a k te r i, u n i n g sh a k li, k o n s is te n s iy a s i, h o l a t i ,
k a ttaligi v a a tr o f id a g i b o s h q a o r g a n l a r h a m d a t o ‘q i m a l a r b ila n
o ‘z a r o m u n o s a b a t i , kasal d e b t a x m i n q il in a y o tg a n o r g a n j o y l a s h
g a n z o n a d a h a r o r a t n i n g y u q o r ilig i, te r i n a m lig i v a b o s h q a l a r .
B u n d a n t a s h q a r i , p a lp a ts iy a y o r d a m i d a b e m o r h o la ti - s e z u v -
chanligi yoki o g ‘riq a n iq la n a d i. B u la m in g borligini b e m o r m i m i k a -
s in in g o ‘zg a rish i yoki t a n a y o x u d q o l - o y o q n i n g r e f le k to r h a r a k a -
tig a q a r a b bilib o lin a d i.
Y u z a k i va c h u q u r p a lp a ts iy a farq qilin a d i. Y u z a k i p a lp a ts iy a -
c h o ‘z ilgan b ir y oki h a r ikki q o ‘ln in g kafti b ila n qilin a d i: b u n d a
t e k s h irila y o tg a n y u z a g a b o s ilm a y d i. P a lp a ts iy a n in g b u tu ri q o r in n i
t e k s h ir a y o tg a n d a k a tta a h a m i y a tg a ega, c h u n k i u n i n g y o r d a m i d a
q o r i n d e v o r in i n g ta ra n g lig i, o g ‘rishi, q o r i n b o ‘s h lig ‘idagi jig ar,
ta lo q kabi o r g a n la r n in g k a tta la sh g a n lig i, sh ish borligi va b o s h q a l a r
a n iq la n a d i. P a t o l o g ik j a r a y o n jo y la s h g a n y ern i a n iq b ilish d a c h u q u r
p a lp a ts iy a d a n fo y d a la n ila d i. U b a r m o q l a r y o r d a m i d a va z a r u r a tg a
q a ra b , kuchli bosish bilan qilinadi. V .P . O b ra z so v va N . D . Strajesko
u s u lla ri b o ‘y i c h a c h u q u r , s irg ‘a n m a , m e t o d i k p a l p a t s i y a l a r d a n
fo y d a la n ila d i. P a lp a ts iy a n in g b u t u r i d a n f o y d a la n i b , ic h a k n i n g
a y r im q is m la rin i, m e ’d a n i n g k a tta egriligini, m e 'd a d a n c h iq is h
y o i i n i va q o r i n b o ‘sh lig 1 d a g i b o s h q a o rg a n la r n i u s h la b k o ‘rish
m u m k in . C h u q u r p a lp a ts iy a d a , p a lp a tsiy a q ilin a y o tg a n o r g a n n in g
c h e g a ra si, xususiyati b o s h q a la r n i yaxshi a n iq la s h m a q s a d id a , uni
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q o r i n b o ‘s h l i g ‘in i n g o r q a d e v o r ig a q isish u c h u n q o ‘ln i q o r i n
b o ‘sh lig ‘iga c h u q u r kiritish kerak.
S ir g ba n m a p a lp a tsiy a d e y ilis h in in g sababi s h u n d a k i , p alp atsiy a
qilin a y o tg a n v a q td a q o ‘l h a m , tekshirilayotgan o rg a n h a m sirgbanma
h a r a k a t q i l a d i . B u n d a p a l p a t s i y a q i l i n a y o t g a n o r g a n h a r a k a t
q ilin a y o tg a n q o ‘l o s tid a nafas ekskursiyasi v a q tid a s ir p a n a d i yoki
p alp atsiy a q ila y o tg a n q o ‘l b a r m o q la r i h a r a k a t c h a n o r g a n ustida
sirp a n a d i. S h u n i q a y d qilish k e ra k k i, n a fa s ekskursiyasi v a q tid a
q o r in b o ‘s h lig ‘idagi o r g a n la r h a m h a r a k a t q ila d i, b u n d a o rg a n
diafrag m ag a q a n c h a y aqin jo y lash g an boNsa, u n in g h arak ati s h u n c h a
k u c h li boMadi.
M a ’l u m h o lla r d a b i m a n u a l p alp atsiy a d e b a ta lu v c h i p a lp a ts iy a
d a n , y a ’ni ikkala qoM bilan u sh la b k o 'r is h d a n fo y d a la n ila d i. B u n d a
b ir qoM te k s h irila y o tg a n s o h a yoki o r g a n n i m a ’lu m h o l a t d a u sh lab
tu r a d i yoki p a lp a ts iy a q ila y o tg a n qoMga xususiyati o ‘rg a n ila y o tg a n
o r g a n n i y a q i n k e ltir a d i. P a l p a t s i y a n i n g b u t u r i d a n f o y d a la n i b
o r g a n n i, m a s a l a n , b u y ra k yoki o ‘s m a n i , b a ’z a n ikki qoM b ila n
u s h la b olib, u la r n i n g shakli, kattaligi, k o nsiste nsiyasi, xususiyati,
y u za si, h a r a k a tc h a n lig i va b o s h q a la r n i a n iq la s h m u m k in .
Palpatsiyaning bu tu ridan, asosan, buyrak, jigar, taloq, o ‘s m a -
lari k a tta la s h g a n b a c h a d o n va a y o lla r n in g b o s h q a ichki o rg a n la rin i
te k s h iris h d a qoMlaniladi. T u r tk i s i m o n yoki b a llotirlovchi p alpatsiya
q o rin b o ‘shligMda suyuqlik yigMlib q o lg a n d a jigar, talo q va o ‘sm alarni
u sh la b k o ‘rish d a qoMlaniladi. 0 ‘ng qoM b a r m o q la r i y o zilg an h o ld a
b ir-b iri b ila n jip sla sh tirilib , q o r in d e v o rig a , p a lp a tsiy a q ilin a y o tg a n
o r g a n b o r d e b t a x m i n q ilin g a n s o h a g a p e r p e n d i k u l a r ra v ish d a
q o ‘yiladi: b a r m o q l a r q o r in d e v o r id a n o li n m a g a n h o ld a b ir n e c h a
m a r t a q isq a va k u c h li tu rtila d i. O d a td a , b u n d a b a r m o q l a r qid irila -
y o tg a n o rg a n yoki o ‘s m a g a b o rib uriladi.
P a lp a ts iy a v a q t i d a b e m o r m u s h a k l a r i n i m a k s i m a l d a r a j a d a
b o ‘s h a s h tir g a n h o l a t d a tu rish i kerak. T e k s h iris h m a q s a d ig a k o ‘ra,
b e m o r p alp atsiy a v a q tid a tu rg a n , oMirgan va y o tg a n h o la td a boMishi
m u m k i n . Y o tish h o la tid a c h a l q a n c h a va y o n b o s h la b y otish kerak.
K o ‘p i n c h a b e m o r l a r n i c h a lq a n c h a s i g a y o tq iz ib teksh irilad i. B u n d a
b e m o r n i n g b o s h i va yelkalari b i r m u n c h a koMarilgan boMishi kerak,
c h u n k i b u n d a q o r i n m u s h a k la ri b i r m u n c h a b o ‘sh a s h a d i. Q oM iam i
t a n a b o ‘y lab u z a ti b y o tis h k e ra k , o y o q la r i u z a tilib , a g a r q o r in
m u s h a k la r i o r tiq d a r a ja d a b o bsh ash tirilish i ta la b qilinsa, t o s - s o n va
tizza b o ‘gMnlarini q i s m a n b u k ib yotiladi.
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