И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ

1. "Rail Zeppelin" ['zepslin] —«Цеппелин на рельсах»

2. "Flying Hamburger"—«Летящий гамбуржец»


22. Прочтите текст С без словаря (3 мин.) и переска­жите его по-русски
. . .
TEXT С. ELEVATED RAILWAYS

(1) At the end of the 19th century the street traffic in big towns became heavy because of the rapid develop­ment of public transport. After careful studies of the pro- blem some American cities decided that it would be cheaper to build elevated railways carried by high supports above the streets with busy road traffic. Although these elevated railways produced much noise they became popular because they saved people much time.

(2) The project of the "El" (a shortened form of "ele­vated railway") was put forward by Charles Harvey. The designer believed that his railway would be a convenient passenger transport in big cities. Indeed, the experiments with the newly-designed system were a success, and soon all the main parts of New York were linked by the elevat­ed railway. The cars were drawn along the track by means of a cable and attained a high speed.
(3) The "El" was so popular that at one time over one million passengers were travelling on it each day. In later years, however, the underground lines, buses and motor cars took away the traffic from the "El" railway and it had to be closed down.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ

1. 
   elevated railways—железные дороги на эстакаде
   

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

1. Укажите, какие из данных глагольных форм яв­ляются сказуемыми.

1. to have been encountered — ought to be transferred
2. is being attained'—if handled-—should be linked
3. be aimed — are able to assist — has been applied
4. was to be loaded — be compared — have to be installed
5. while doubling—could be frozen—being filled
6. shall allow—being spread — might be enclosed

2. Определите по формальным признакам, являются ли выделенные слова подлежащим или сказуемым.

1. these means; it means
2. it works; its works
3. this works produces; these works
4. this increase; this increases; nothing increases
5. both results; both result
3. Скажите, какие из сказуемых отвечают на вопросы:
а) Что было сделано?
1. Calculations have shown a sharp increase in car pro­duction. 2. It has been estimated that automobile burns about 2 tons of fuel per year. 3. For many years the sys­tem described was being used on steam railroads quite successfully. 4. The driver's cab was provided with air-conditioning.
б) Что делается?
1. This locomotive is designed to speed up the sorting operations. 2. Automatic train control is being introduced on a large scale on electrified railways. 3. Conditions have been provided to complete the experiment in time.
в) Что будет сделано?
1. The monorail railroads will be built to link cities with their airports. 2. This fact should be mentioned at the conference. 3. The speaker said that the greatest speeds would be attained by the vehicles based on a wheelless design. 4. The project will have been completed by the end of the year.
4. Назовите неопределенную форму нестандартных глаголов
.
froze, saw, chosen, been, rose, took, done, spent, wore, were, thought, chose, held, driven, lost, paid, worn, seen, frozen, heard, risen, found, spoken, written, laid.
5. Зная основное значение глагола take (брать), пере­ведите сочетания слов, не пользуясь словарем.
to take a train; to take the shortest way; to take the temperature; to take coal at the mine (шахта); to take a prize; to take half an hour to translate the article; to take an offer (предложение).
6. Переведите со словарем сочетания глаголов с пред­логами и наречиями.
to come forward; to come back to put the work through; to put down the words to come into existence; to come to the station to do away with the disadvantages; to do without the excavator