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structures within the family further add to this complex range of influences. What
emerges is a picture of a speech context made distinctive by a series of unique
characteristics that echo through the forthcoming chapters:
The family is one of the primary units of language socialisation. In relation to
pragmatic socialisation, the family acts as a vehicle for socialising children in
socio-culturally appropriate
language-use patterns;
Although a central facet of our everyday „linguistic lives‟, family discourse
remains little researched especially in comparison to other spoken context-types.
The available research is further reduced when the researcher, as in the present
study, moves beyond the realm of the relatively narrow focus of previous studies
that are dominated by the dinner table talk of urban, white, middle-class,
Western
families;
Speaker roles and relationships in the family are, at once, both hierarchic and
intimate. This relationship hierarchy exists at many different levels; parent →
child, father → mother and older sibling → younger sibling;
In common with other context-types, the macro-social categories of
gender
,
age
,
ethnicity
and
social class
exert an influence on family discourse. However, they
have an idiosyncratic influence on family discourse, for example, as the children
get older, their relationship with their parents changes from a hierarchical to an
egalitarian one and this is marked by a corresponding change in both parties
pragmatic systems.
A central aspect of any study of language variation is to seek to explain the reasons for
that variation (or lack thereof). According to Wolfram and Schilling-Estes (2006: 245),
„it is only through looking at localised practice that we begin to understand not only
what sorts of language patterns correlate with which groups but
why
people use the
language features they do.‟ Within the realm of pragmatics as a whole, there is a
pressing need for abstract social factors such as ethnicity or gender to be interpreted at a
local rather than global level (Wolfram and Schilling-Estes, 2006; Barron and
Schneider, 2005; Fought, 2002; Holmes, 2001). The present study is
aims to address this
52
lacuna. Small corpus studies of family discourse can provide the researcher with
valuable samples of localised data, enabling a non-homogenous interpretation of the
influence of social factors on our pragmatic systems. In addition, the present study
necessitates a „mixed‟ approach in order to examine the research questions raised in
Chapter 1. It is proposed to synergise two distinct frameworks and construct one that
allows the analysis of pragmatic language use patterns within a localised grouping. This
synergy of
variational pragmatics
and
community of practice
is discussed in Chapter 3.