The second chapter – criticisms of
the original version of OD and new
approaches
The OD movement as originally conceived and practised
was characterized by what Buchanan and Huczynski
(2007: 559) called ‘quasi-religious values’ with some
of the features of a religious movement, which, they
claimed, is one reason why it has survived as a con-
cept in spite of the criticisms that began to be levelled
at it in the 1980s. Weidner (2004: 39) wrote that:
‘OD was something that practitioners felt and lived
as much as they believed’ (original emphasis).
Criticisms of OD
One of the earliest critics was McLean (1981: 4) who
noted ‘the moral and ethical misgivings concerned
with the development of what might be regarded as
a sophisticated science of manipulation’. He cited
a comment by Strauss (1976) that at times OD is
little more than abstract moralization and asserted
that:
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