The third chapter – changing the
focus
The most significant change in the 2000s was the
shift to a strategic perspective. As noted by Cummins
and Worley (2005: 12): ‘Change agents have pro-
posed a variety of large-scale or strategic-change
models; each of these models recognizes that stra-
tegic change involves multiple layers levels of the
organization and a change in its culture, is driven
from the top by powerful executives, and has
important effects on performance.’ They also com-
mented that the practice of organization develop-
ment therefore went far beyond its humanistic
origins. Another development was the emergence
of the concept of ‘smart working’, as described in
Chapter 11. This could be described as an OD
intervention because it involves taking a funda-
mental look at methods of improving organizational
effectiveness.
There was also more emphasis on associating
organization design with organization development.
Marsh et al (2010) suggested that organization
design and organization development need to be
merged into one HR capability, with organization
design taking precedence. They considered that this
should all be brought in-house as a necessary part
of the business model innovation process. But as
they observed: ‘We do not believe that the field of
organization development has passed its sell-by
date. Far from it. It just needs to be repositioned as
an HR capability’ (ibid: 143).
However, Weidner (2004: 37) made the follow-
ing more pessimistic comment about OD: ‘Un-
fortunately, after sixty years – despite the best
efforts and intentions of many talented people –
OD finds itself increasingly at the margins of busi-
ness, academe, and practice. The field continues to
affirm its values, yet has no identifiable voice.’ OD
‘interventions’ still have a role to play in improving
performance but as part of an integrated business
and HR strategy planned and implemented by HR
in conjunction with senior management, with or
without outside help.
The main change that has taken place in the
move from traditional OD to organizational devel-
opment as practised currently is the focus on improv-
ing organizational performance and results through
organization-wide initiatives. These do encompass
the behaviour of people, especially when this relates
to their levels of engagement (the degree to which
people are committed to their work and the organ-
ization and motivated to achieve high levels of
performance). But they are also concerned with the
organizational processes that affect behaviour and
engagement, namely, strategic HRM, work system
design, smart working, high-performance working,
organization design and job design.
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