Xelisufleba da sazogadoeba (istoria, Teoria, praqtika)” Scientific magazine “authority and society

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. 
   1. l. izoria saqarTvelo da msoflio usafrTxoebis tendenciebi 24 saaTi 5.02.2007
   
2. 
   z.garayaniZe axali ~civi omis~ mizezi energetika iqneba 24 saaTi 31.05.2007
   

Summary

Tinatin Iashvli, Irina Iashvili

Russia’s aggressive policy of power engineering concerning

neighboring countries
Given article covers Russia’s new approach to the policy concerning the use of energy carriers and economic sanctions instead of military interference as its political weapon. Russia’s aggressive policy of power engineering concerning neighboring countries is discussed in the article.


Резюме
Тинатин Яшвили, Ирина Яшвили

Агрессивная экономическая политика России в отношении соседних

стран
В данной статье рассмотрен новый политический подход России для укрепления своих позиций с соседними государствами. Инструментом политической борьбы, вместо военного, выступают экономические санкции и воздействие на энергоносители. Показана агрессивная экономическая политика России в отношении соседних стран.


saqarTvelos samarTlebrivi istoria ar aris droSi metad gavrcobili procesi. miuxedavad amisa, impulsebi, romlebic modis Cveni sazogadoebidan samarTlebrivi reformebis sakiTxSi, gamoirCeva Tavisi radikaluri demokratizmiT. ilustraciisaTvis imis gaxsenebac kmara, rom pirvelma qarTulma saxelmwifom 1918-1921 wlebSi urTules pirobebSi moaxerxa maSindel msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze demokratiuli konstituciis miReba.

Cven, Tumca axali saxelmwifo, magram axali saxelmwifo institutebis Camoyalibebis procesi jer kvlav aqtiurad mimdinareobs. saqarTvelos axalma konstituciam Camoayaliba sruliad axali zednaSeni parlamentisa da prezidentis institutebi. magram imisaTvis, rom am ori institutebis neba TiToeul moqalaqamde davides, da ara rogorc amas xSirad adgili aqvs, darCes mxolod saxelmwifos aparatis zeda eSelonebSi, konstitucia Seicavs samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis detalur da vadaSi sakmaod SemWidroebul programas. am programis Zireuli elementia sasamarTlo da misi reformirebuli sistema. konstituciam aRiara uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, rogorc yvelaze didi da waruvali Rirebulebebis prioriteti _ maTi dacvis garantiad ki reformade arsebuli sasamarTlo sistema ver gamodgeboda.

rac Seexeba pirveli, sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukidebloba rac am institutis politikur avtonomias gulisxmobs.sasamarTlo civilizebul, demokratiul saxelmwifoebSi ganixileba rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifo organo, sakuTari struqturiTa da kompetenciiT da ara rogorc dargobriv-samTavrobo dawesebuleba, romelic imyofeba aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis an parlamentis daqvemdebarebaSi. aRniSnuli principi aris ara marto samarTlebrivi, aramed politikuri mniSvnelobis.

sasamarTlos damoukideblobis meore mniSvnelovani aspeqtia mosamarTlis individualuri damoukidebloba. es umTavresad wminda samarTlebrivi principia da imas gulisxmobs, rom marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis kanoniT dadgenil proceduraSi araTu politikur xelisuflebas, aramed TviT sasamarTlos Tanamdebobis pirebsac ki (Tu kanoniT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli) ara aqvT Carevis ufleba. mosamarTle SesaZloa daisajos, Tanamdebobidan ganTavisufldes an dapatimrebuli iqnas Tu saamiso safuZveli arsebobs, magram konkretuli saqmis ganxilvisas masze zemoqmedebis aranairi saSualeba ar unda arsebobdes.

sasamarTlo reformis pirveli etapis ganxorcielebisas SemuSavebuli iqna sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Semdegi ZiriTadi garantiebi:

pirveli, administraciuli damoukidebloba, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom sasamarTlo gamovida iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebidan da misi formireba gamocdebisa da konkursis wesiT xdeba.

meore, procesualuri damoukidebloba. gauqmebulia sasamarTlos mimarT prokuraturis kontroli, da Tu warsulSi sasamarTlo moiazreboda Sinagan saqmeTa da prokuraturis organoebis danamatad, amJamad igi Tavad moeqca procesualuri aqtivobis centrSi.

mesame, teritoriuli damoukidebloba, rac CvenTvis aqamde ucxo modeli iyo. im mizniT, rom sasamarTlo sabolood gaTavisufldes zewolisagan, iqneba sasamarTloebis gansxvavebuli teritoriuli sistema. reformam, upirveles yovlisa, sasamarTloebis zneobrivi gajansaReba daisaxa miznad. aq gadamwyveti roli sazogadoebas ekuTvnis. saxelmwifo (parlamenti, ombudsmeni..) da arasamTavrobo (Tavisufali presa, politikuri partiebi...) institutebis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT SeiZleba Camoyalibdes sasamarTlos sistemis civilizebuli saxe. am TvalsazrisiT garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis centrSi myofi reformis calkeuli procesebis miukerZoeblad Catarebas.

da bolos, reformis mizans marTlmsajulebis procesiuli donis xarisxobrivi amaRleba warmoadgenda. am mizniT Catarda sakvalifikacio xarisxobrivi gamocdebi, romliTac Semowmda momavali mosamarTleebis TiTqmis mTeli sakanonmdeblo masalis codnis done. axali adamianebiT dakompleqtda. sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili moiTxovda mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis arCeviTobis dawesebas, magram es idea uaryofili iqna, radgan mosamarTlis profesionalizmis umTavresi maCvenebeli codnaa, rasac yvelaze ukeT swored sakvalifikacio gamocdebi da konkursi Seafasebda. amave dros gaTvaliswinebuli iyo isic, rom arCeuli mosamarTle iZulebuli iqneboda angariSi gaewia Tavisi amomrCevlbisaTvis, rac mniSvnelovnad SezRudavda mis damoukideblobas. ar SeiZleba mosamarTle iyos memarjvene an memarcxene, mosamarTle unda iyos kanonis utyvi morCili da ara kanonis mmarTveli.

da bolos, daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasamarTlo reforma Tavad drois moTxovnaa. dRes demokratiuli sazogadoebis umTavresi miswrafeba samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo da kanonis uzenaesobaa. axali sasamarTlo sistema axal moTxovnebs gvkarnaxobs.“samarTali unda aRsruldes, Tundac moispos samyaro”, ambobdnen Zveli romaelebi. saxelmwifos demokratiulobisa da kanonis uzenaesobis yvelaze efeqturi da prioritetuli garantia, SesaZloa damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo sistemis Camoyalibeba iyos, vinaidan parlamentis mier marTlmsajulebis gansaxorcieleblad miRebuli kanonebi faratina qaRaldad rCeba manam, sanam ar moxdeba maTi saTanado implementacia, sanam am kanonebs mosamarTle ar gamoiyenebs da maT sicocxles ar SesZens, sanam qveyanaSi konstituciisa da sxva normatiuli aqtebis uzenaesoba sasa-marTlo praqtikiT ar damkvidrdeba.

saqarTvelos 1995 wlis 24 agvistos konstituciam, 1997 wlis 13 ivnisis “saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” da 1999 wlis 12 maisis “saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organulma kanonebma myari samarTlebrivi safuZveli Seuqmnes saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli marTlmsajulebis ganmaxorcielebeli sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mSeneblobas.

sasamarTlos xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis marTlmsajulebis forma xorcieldeba samoqalaqo, administraciuli da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaTa meSveobiT saerTo sasamarTloebis mier yovel adamians ufleba aqvs uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad, piradad an warmomadgenloebis meSveobiT, pirdapir mimarTos sasamarTlos; sasamarTlos aqti agreTve, Tavisi uflebamosilebis gansaxorcie-leblad sasamarTlos moTxovna da gankarguleba savaldebuloa saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze yvela fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris, saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organosaTvis.

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarTlos (kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT), xolo sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Seusrulebloba iwvevs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul pasuxismgeblobas; marTlmsajuleba xorcieldeba kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe saqmeSi monawile yvela piris Tanasworobis safuZvelze da

samarTalwarmoeba ki xorcieldeba mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze.

sasamarTloSi yvela saqme ganixileba Ria sxdomaze. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba yvela SemTxvevaSi cxaddeba saqveynod;

mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia, emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs, SeTanxmebebsa da kanons.

raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebs miekuTvneba, sadac yvela saqme ganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebi Sedgeba aranakleb ori mosamarTlisagan. aRniSnuli sasamarTloebis gansjad saqmeebs gansazRvravs saproceso kanonmdebloba.

saqarTvelos saolqo da avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTloebis axalma kanondeblobam adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis garantiaTa gansamtkiceblad, srulyofili marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad, sasamarTlo sistemebis Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisad daamkvidra saqmeTa ganxilvis saapelacio procedura. saapelacio sasamarTloebis uflebamosilebebs axorcieleben saolqo (Tbilisisa da quTaisis) da afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebi, romlebic saapelacio wesiT ganixilaven saCivrebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze. amave sasamarTloebebSi, garda saapelacio samarTalwarmoebisa, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT xdeba saqmeTa pirveli instanciiT ganxilva; agreTve, gadawyvetilebebis miReba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTalis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva sakiTxebze.

sasamarTlo reformis gasatareblad, winadadebebis SemuSavebis, mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobaze dasaniSni kandidaturebis SerCevis, wardginebis, mosamarTleTa Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebis, sakvalifikacio gamocdebis organizebis da kanoniT dadgenili sxva amocanebis Sesrulebis mizniT Seiqmna 12 wevriani saqarTvelos prezidentis saTaTbiro organo-saqarTvelos iusticiis sabWo.

sasamarTlo reformis ganxorcielebis pirvel etapze ZiriTadi yuradReba daeTmo sasamarTlo xelisuflebis struqturul Camoyalibebasa da marTlmsajulebis koreqtulad ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro damxmare qvestruqturul organoTa Seqmnas. samarTlebrivi reformis momdevno etapze saWiroa meti yuradReba daeTmos sasamarTloTa organizaciul marTvasa da administrirebas.

sasamarTlos efeqtiani funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebelia iseTi pirobebis Seqmna, romelic saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos SeunarCunos miukerZoebloba da Seuvaloba raTa ganamtkicos damoukidebloba. zemoaRniSnuli problemis gadawyvetis erT-erTi winapiroba aris is, rom mosamarTleebma unda miiRon maTTvis Sesabamisi xelfasi, romelic maT SesaZleblobas miscems SeinarCunon Tavisi da ojaxis wevrebis cxovrebis saTanado socialuri standarti.

saerTo sasamarTloebis administraciisa da organizaciuli marTvis sferoebSi cvilebebis Setanis Semdeg, aranakleb mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs sisxlis samarTlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmiswarmoebisa da saproceso kanonmdeblobis gadasinjvasa da koreqtirebas. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom moxdes saproceso kodeqsis imdagvari koreqtireba, romelic miznad daisaxavs ara mxolod sistemis efeqturobis gazrdas, aramed adamianis uflebaTa dacvis myari garantiebis Seqmnas saerTaSoriso standartebis, gansakuTrebiT evrosabWos rekomendaciebisa da saqarTvelos mier ratificirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis Sesabamisad.

mniSvnelovania is faqti rom yovelTvis gvaxsovdes, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi mosamarTleebidan specifiurad iTxovs marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi saqarTvelos mier ratificirebuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebis gamoyenebas, SemTxvevebi garda Tu saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias.

ramdenadac sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi pirdapir adgens, rom saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi da xelSekrulebebi (Tu isini konstitucias ar ewinaaRmdegeba, rac SemTxvevaSi ar xdeba) upiratesi iuridiuli ZaliT sargebloben kodeqsTan mimarTebaSi, mosamarTleebi ar unda SeizRudon kodeqsSi arsebuli xarvezebiT maT uflebamosilebebTan dakavSirebiT da uSualod unda gamoiyenon saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi. rasakvirvelia sasurvelia agreTve, romQqarTuli kodeqsi gadaisinjos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis TvalsazrisiT.

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imis aRniSvnas, rom Tu sasamarTloebi ar daicaven adamianis uflebebs, maSin sxva aravin ar daicavs.

saxelmwifoSi reformis (maT Soris sasamarTlo reformis) warmateba sazogadoebis moTxovnebidan da ukeTesisaken ltolvis surviliT ganisazRvreba. biZgi Tavad mosaxleobidan unda modiodes, raTa yvelam – politikosebma, mewarmeebma, mosamarTleebma da mTelma mosaxleobam mTlianobaSi unda Seignon TavianTi erTsulovani aucilebloba da gaaZlieron piradi pasuxismgebloba qveynis winaSe.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. 
   saqarTvelos organuli kanoni saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb.
   
2. 
   saqarTvelos organuli kanoni saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb.
   
3. 
   sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi.
   
4. 
   debuleba raionuli (saqalaqo), saolqo,afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonimouri respublikebis umaRlis sasamarTloebSi organizaciuli muSaobisa da saqmiswarmoebis wesis Sesaxeb.
   
5. 
   saqarTvelos kanoni saerTo samarTloebSi organizaciuli muSaobisa da saqmiswarmoebis wesis Sesaxeb debuleba.
   

Summary

Tamar Sreseli

Judicial reform and its role
Court reform is one of the essential demand of our reality. Today the main goal of Democratic society is to form the state regulated by the law and to recognize the supreme power of the law. New court has to meet new new requirements.

“Justice should be fulfilled even if the universe parishes”, ancient Romans say.

The most effective guarantee of state democracy and law suprimacy may be the independent and impartial court system. The law passed by parliament is only the sheet of paper unless it is implemented by judges and unless the suprimany of constitution and other statutory acts are put into practice.
Р е з ю м е

Тамар Сресели

Судебная реформа и ее роль
Судебная реформа является насущным требованием сегодняшнего дня. В настоящее время главнейшим стремлением демократического общества является создание правового государства и верховенство закона. Новая судебная система диктует новые требования. «Cправедливость должна восторжествовать, если даже погибнет мир» - провозгласили еще древние римляне. Самой эффективной и приоритетной гарантией государственной демократичности и верховенства закона может быть формирование независимой и непредвзятой судебной системы, потому что принятые парламентом для осуществления правосудия законы остаются простой бумагой до того, пока не будет внедрена соответствующая имплементация, пока судья не будет применять эти законы и не «оживит» их, до тех пор, пока в стране верховенство Конституции и других нормативных актов не подтвердится судебной практикой.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi arsebuli mZime socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareba mkveTrad aisaxa saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yofierebaze. didi wnexis qveS iyo qarTuli kultura, gansakuTrebiT erovnul saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi. Mmravalsaukunovan da TviTmyofad kulturaSi rusifikatorebi xedavdnen qarTveli xalxis erovnuli moZraobis ZiriTad sazrdos da mizanmimarTulad awarmoebdnen kulturuli memkvidreobis daTrgunvis politikas. ganaTlebis sruli rusifikacia da skolebidan qarTuli enis gamodevna am politikis Semadgeneli nawili iyo. QqarTuli enis Seviwroeba xorcieldeboda rogorc saero, ise sasuliero saswavleblebSi. ganaTlebis sferoze rusifikatorTa farTo Semotevam saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mosaxleobis didi aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. samegreloSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi da a.S. saprotesto gamosvlebsac hqonda adgili. bevrgan moswavleebi uars ambobdnen sagnebis rusulad Seswavlaze da tovebdnen skolebs. moTxovnileba erovnul skolebze kidev ufro izredeboda.

1918 wlis 26 maiss erovnulma sabWom aRadgina saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba da daiwyo erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis procesi. mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgenda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo simbolikis (droSa, gerbi, himni) SemuSaveba. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis droSa da gerbi SemuSavebul iqna iakob nikolaZis da ioseb Sarlemanis mier ivane javaxiSvilis konsultaciiT. 1918 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo droSad damtkicda samferovani (Svindisferi, Savi, TeTri) droSa, xolo saxelmwifo gerbad TeTri giorgi Svidi mnaTobiT. saxelmwifo himnis statusi SeiZina kote focxveraSvilis “didebam”. erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis procesSi, miuxedavad saTanado saxsrebis simcirisa, didi yuradReba eqceoda ganaTlebis, mecnierebis da kulturis ganviTarebas. am periodSi mniSvnelovani iyo qveynis umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organos mier miRebuli zogierTi kanoni da dadgenileba, romlebic zemoT CamoTvlil sferoebs exeboda. 1918 wlis 3 seqtembers miRebul iqna kanoni qarTuli universitetis saxelmwifo universitetad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb, 1918 wlis 6 seqtembers _ “ganaTlebis” sazogadoebis – Tamar mefis saxelobis – qalTa saostato seminariis mTavrobis gamgeblobaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 1918 wlis 13 seqtembers _ samaswavleblo institutis da seminariebis gaerovnebis Sesaxeb, 1918 wlis 1 oqtombers _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enis Sesaxeb, 1918 wlis 26 noembers _ saRvTo sjulis swavlebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, 1919 wlis 1 agvistos _ kavkasiis muzeumis gauqmebisa da mis sanacvlod saqarTvelos muzeumis daarsebis Sesaxeb, 1920 wlis 30 marts _ saqarTvelos erovnuli samxatvro galereis daarsebis Sesaxeb, 1920 wlis 23 aprils _ respublikis centraluri samecniero arqivis daarsebis Sesaxeb da agreTve 1920 wlis 28 maiss _ saistorio, saarqeologio, samxatvro da sxva sakulturo nivTebis saqarTvelos respublikidan gatanis akrZalvis Sesaxeb.

1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebam SesaZlebeli gaxada ganaTlebis sferoSi farTomasStabiani RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. 1920 wlidan SemoRebul iqna samsafexuriani swavleba, romlis Semdegac moswavles ufleba hqonda swavla gaegrZelebina umaRles saswavlebelSi. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis periodSi, mkveTrad imata rogorc pirveldawyebiTi skolebis ricxvma, aseve moswavleTaA raodenobamac. SemuSavda pirveldawyebiTi saxalxo skolebis droebiTi programebi, didi yuradReba eqceoda saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnasa da gamocemis sakiTxsa. iakob gogebaSvilis “dedaenis” garda skolebSi didi popularobiT sargeblobda Semdegi saxelmZRvaneloebi: ioseb ocxelis “qrestomaTia”, dimitri uznaZis “Zveli saberZneTi”, simon qvarianis “saqarTvelos istoria” da sxv.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi sagrZnoblad izRudeboda erovnuli mecnierebis ganviTareba. xelisuflebis mxridan Seqmnili barierebis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikuri procesebi, gansakuTrebiT erovnuli moZraobis aRmavloba, stimuls aZlevda erovnuli mecnierebis, kerZod mecnierebis humanitaruli dargebis ganviTarebas. es procesi qarTuli eris sulieri moTxovniTac iyo ganpirobebuli.

saqarTveloSi mecnierebis aRorZinebis Tvisebrivad axali etapi iwyeba Tbilisis universitetis daarsebis dRidan. 1918 wlis 3 oqtombers miRebuli kanonis Tanaxmad qarTuli universiteti gamocxadda saxelmwifo universitetad da daerqva “Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti”. kanonis miRebis dResve damtkicda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis droebiTi ZiriTadi debuleba, roelSic Camoyalibebuli iyo, rom Tbilisis universiteti samecniero-saswavlo sferos, sauniversiteto marTva-gamgeobisa da Sinauri meurneobis mxriT sruliad avtonomiuria da yvela am dargis saqmeebs TviTon ganagebs. universitetis mTavar organoTa moqmedebis meTvalyureoba saqarTvelos respublikis saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros kompetenciaSi Sedioda. saxelmwifos yovelwliurad xarjT-aRricxvaSi Sehqonda gansazRvruli odenobis Tanxa universitetis Sesanaxad. xarjT-aRricxvas adgenda univrsitetis profesorTaA sabWo da gamgeoba da romelic wlis damdegamde waredgineboda saxalxo ganaTlebis ministrs gansaxilvelad da dasamtkiceblad. Semdgom amisa, universitetis gamgeobas gamohqonda fuli da universitetis yovel xarjs istumrebda.

Tbilisis universiteti sruli universitetis statusiT arsebobda da moicavda sibrZnis-metyvelebis, anu filosofiur fakultets, romelSic safilosofoso, saistorio da sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa dargebi Sedioda, rogorc dasavleTis, ise aRmosavleTisa da samxreT-CrdiloeT qveynebisa da erebis Sesaxeb; samaTematiko-sabunebismetyvelo fakultets; samarTlis mecnierebis anu iuridiul fakultets da samkurnalo fakultets. qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda erovnul-samecniero terminologiis SemuSavebas. 1919 wels ivane javaxiSvili dainiSna “saswavlo komitetis” Tavmjdomared, romelmac cnobili mecnierebebiT daakompleqta Semdegi dargobrivi komisiebi: sazogado istoriis, saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli enisa da literaturis, ucxo enebisa da literaturis, maTematikis, fizika-qimiis, biologiuri da higienis, filosofiuri da specialuri teqnikuri dargebis komisiebi. profesorebi, kerZo docentebi, mecnier-xelmZRvanelebi, laborantebi, asistentebi da leqtorebi leqciebs qarTulad kiTxulobdnen, qarTuladve warmoebda saqmiTi varjiSobani.

Tbilisis universitetSi mxolod erTi samecniero xarisxi iyo doqtoris anu moZRvarT-moZRvrobisa, romelic uTanabrdeboda ruseTis universitetebis magistris xarisxs, xolo dasavleT evropis doqtoris xarisxi moZRvarT-moZRvrobis samecniero xarisxs udrida. universitetSi profesoroba da kerZo docentoba mxolod im mecniers SeeZlo, romelsac miniWebuli hqonda Tbilisis universitetis moZRvarT-moZRvrobis samecniero xarisxi, an ucxoeTis erT-erT universitetis samagistro an sadoqtoro xarisxi, magram diplomi da disertacia saTanado fakultetis mier ganxiluli da mowonebuli unda yofiliyo.

Tbilisis universitets da calke profesorTa sabWos ufleba hqonda gareSed mosuli gamoecada da mecnierebis winaSe gansakuTrebuli Rvawlis gamo, gamoucdelad da udisertaciod, pativiscemis niSnad, pirisaTvis mieniWebina doqtorobis xarisxi. xolo rac Seexeba studentebs, SeiZleboda yofiliyo orive sqesis warmomadgeneli, romelTac saSualo skola unda hqonoda damTavrebuli, da agreTve iyvnen orive sqesis msmenelebi. studentebs da msmenelebs leqciebis mosmenisaTvis universitetis sasargeblod, yovel semestrSi, fuli unda gadaexada, romlis raodenobas universitetis profesorTa sabWo gansazRvravda. leqciebis mosmenis, muSaobis da gamocdebis Cabarebis Semdeg, studentebi da msmenelebi survilisaebr iRebdnen Sesabamis mowmobebs, xolo niWier kursdamTavrebulebs, Sesabamisi fakultetis profesorTa sabWo datovebda samecniero kvleva-ZiebaSi dasawinaureblad da Semdgom profesorobisaTbis mosamzadeblad. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets hqonda sakuTari droSa da beWedi.

1918 qlis 6 seqtembers saqarTvelos erovnulma sabWom miiRo saqarTvelos respublikis kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad “ganaTlebis” sazogadoebis Tamar mefis saxelobis qalTa saostato seminaria gamocxadda saxelmwifo skolad da mTeli saskolo mowyobilobiT, biblioTekiT da muzeumiT gadavida mTavrobis gamgeblobaSi. xolo amave wlis 13 seqtembers miRebuli kanonis safuZvelze gauqmda Tbilisis institutis da goris seminariis awindeli erovnuli ganyofilebebi da gamocxadda Tbilisis saostato instituti, goris, xonis da soxumis seminariebi qarTul saxelmwifo skolebad, da oTxive skolas mieca krediti saxelmwifo xazinidan maszed darTuli xarjTaRricxvis Tanaxmad.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenidan oTxi Tvis Semdeg 1918 wlis 1 iqtombers, respublikaSi miRebul iqna kanoni saxelmwifo enis Sesaxeb. es funqcia qarTul enas mieniWa. xelisuflebam daiwyo mTeli rigi RnisZiebaTa gatareba, raTa qarTul enas oficialurad SeeZina saxelmwifo enis statusi. misi upirvelesi nabiji iyo saqmis warmoebis rusulidan qarTulze dagayvana. sxvadasxva struqturebSi, dawesebulebebSi Seiqmna qarTuli enis Semswavleli specialuri programebi, ufaso kursebi, radgan qarTuli enis armcodneebs ar gaWirvebodaT muSaoba qarTul enaze. am wamowyebas TavisTavad hyavda rogorc momxreebi, aseve mowinaRmdegeebi, saqarTvelos mTavroba ar SeuSinda winaaRmdegobebs da praqtikulad daiwyo siZneleebis gadalaxva. didi iyo survili imisa, rom damoukidebel saxelmwifos enac Tavisi hqonoda da saqmis warmoeba da ganaTleba mSobliur, qarTul enaze moewyo. 1919 wlis 1 ianvridan qarTulad saqmis warmoebasa da saqmis ganxilvaze gadavida quTaisis olqis sasamarTlo, xolo 8 Tebervlis mTavrobis dadgenilebiT 1 martidan igive unda ganxorcielebuliyo Tbilisis olqis sasamarTloSi. dadgenileba araqarTvelebisaTvis SesaZleblad Tvlida rusuli enis gamoyenebasac. saqarTvelos erovnul sabWoSi yvelanairi saqmis warmoeba da kamaTi qarTul enaze unda yofiliyo, Tumca erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebs, vinc qarTuli ena ar icoda, SeeZloT sityva warmoeTqvaT dedaeniT. qarTuli enis dafuZnebis procesi SedarebiT swrafad xorcieldeboda TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi. gamonakliss Tbilisi warmoadgenda, sadac kvlav rusuli ena warmoebda.

1919 wlis 14 ianvars miRebul iqna kanoni adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa organoebSi qarTuli enis xmarebis Sesaxeb. am kanonis mixedviT msjeloba, saqmis warmoeba da miwer-mowera qalqis da erobis TviTmmarTvelobaSi qarTulad unda warmoebuliyo, xolo sityvis warmoTqma da gancxadebis Setana TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi daSvebuli iyo sxva adgilobriv enazec. Tu romelime TviTmmarTvelobis farglebSi mcxovreb respublikis moqalaqeTa naxevarze metisaTvis salaparalo enad mxolod romelime araqarTuli adgilobrivi ena iyo, maSin dadgenilebiT qarTul enasTan erTad am enis gamoyenebac SeiZleboda. es kanoni ar vrceldeboda soxumis da soWis olqebze da ZalaSi Sevida parlamentis mier miRebis dRidan.

garkveuli gamococxleba daetyo qarTuli enis dafuZnebis process 1920 wlidan, Tumca demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis wlebSi sasurveli Sedegi bolomde mainc ver gamoiRo. 1921 wlis ianvarSi, xelisuflebam aRiara, rom maT mier wamowyebuli RonisZieba naxevradac ver ganxorcielda. saqmis warmoeba bevrgan kvlav rusul enaze xdeboda da salaparako enadac rusuli gamoiyeneboda. respublikis qalaqebSi ki kvlav rusulenovani warwerebi sWarbobda.

mecnierebis Semdgom ganviTarebisTvis udavod did movlenas warmoadgenda kavkasiis muzeumis gardaqmna saqarTvelos muzeumad da saqarTvelos centraluri samecniero arqivis daarseba.

qarTveli xalxis mavalsaukuneobrivi istoriis, erovnuli ekonomikisa da kulturis asaxvis dargSi didi muSaoba gaswia saqarTvelos s.n. janaSias saxelobis saxelmwifo muzeumma. misi winamorbedi iyo ruseTis geografiuli sazogadoebis “kavkasiis muzeumi”, romelic 1865 wels daarsda. swored saqarTvelos damoukideblobis miRebis Semdeg 1919 wlis 1 agvistos saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobam miiRo kanoni, romlis safuZvelze gauqmda q. TbilisSi arsebuli kavkasiis muzeumi da mis bazaze daarsda saqarTvelos muzeumi, romelsac gadaeca kavkasiis muzeumis yoveli uZravi da moZravi qoneba da saqme. muzeums ufleba hqonda: 1. ubaJod gamoewera da mieRo ucxoeTidan wignebi, koleqciebi, xelsawyoebi, laboratoriis masala da samecniero saWiroebis yovelgvari nivTi; 2. saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi mieRo da gaegzavna ufasod fostiT samecniero saWiroebis yovelgvari masala, woniT araumetes erTi fuTisa. rac ZalaSi Sevida damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebis dRidan. saqarTvelos muzeumis mizans warmoadgenda xeli Seewyo saqarTvelos mecnierulad Seswavlas, amisaTvis muzeumma Tavi mouyara, moawesriga, Seinaxa da mecnierulad daamuSava yoveli masala da koleqcia, yoveli kuturuli memkvidreobis daniSnulebis nivTi, rac ki saqarTvelos da mis mezobel qveynebis fizikur bunebas, eTnografias da istoria-arqeologias Seexeboda. muzeumTan arsebobda wignTsacavi sadac Segrovda umTavresad saqarTvelos da mis mosazRvre qveynebis Sesaxeb Txzulebani. mas gaaCnda sakuTari perioduli gamocemani. mravali didmniSvnelovani kulturuli da mecnieruli ganZiT Seivso muzeumis fondebi. respublikis biujetidan yovelwliurad mniSvnelovani Tanxa iyo gamoyofili axali samuzeumo eqsponantebis Sesaqmnelad, romelic ganaTlebis saministros gankargulebiT ixarjeboda. muzeumis saxsars agreTve Seadgenda specialuri Tanxa, romelic iyo: muzeumSi Sesasvleli gadasaxadi, Semowirulobani, gamocemaTa da koleqciebis dublikatebis gayidviT aRebuli Semosavali. aqedan Semosuli Tanxa ixarjeboda moqmedebis gaZlierebis, sameurneo saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebasa da samecniero miznebisaTvis, sazogado wesiT direqtoris gankargulebiT, saxalxo ganaTlebis ministrisagan nebarTvis miRebis Semdeg. muzeums hqonda saxelmwifo gerbiani sakuTari beWedi gerbis irgvliv Semdgari warweriT “saqarTvelos muzeumi”.

qarTuli kulturis da xelovnebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana saqarTvelos erovnuli samxatvro galeream, romelic 1920 wlis martSi miRebuli kanonis safuZvelze Seiqmna. samxatvro galerea ganaTlebis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi Sedioda da finansdeboda saxelmwifo xazinidan. samxatvro galereis mizans warmoadgenda: Seegrovebina da daecva mxatvrobisa da qandakebis nawarmoebebi, umTavresad qarTulisa da saqarTvelos mosazRvre xalxTa xelovnebisa rogorc Zvelisa, ise axlisa. galereasTan arsebobda wignTsacavi, sadac grovdeboda Txzulebani xelovnebis Sesaxeb, agreTve naxatebis, graviurebis, reproduqciebis koleqciebi da samxatvro Jurnalebi. galereis Semosavals, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, nawilobriv Seadgenda saxelmwifo xazinidan saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros gankargulebaSi gadadebuli gansazRvruli Tanxa da agreTve specialuri Tanxa, romelic grovdeboda muzeumSi Sesasvleli gadasaxadiT, SemowirulobaniT, koleqciaTa dublikatebis gayidviT aRebuli SemosavaliT da romelic sazogado wesiT ixarjeboda ganaTlebis saministros nebarTvis miRebis Semdeg. galereas hqonda saxelmwifo gerbiani beWedi gerbis irgvliv Semdegi warweriT: `saqarTvelos erovnuli samxatvro galerea”.

qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda 1920 wlis 28 maiss miRebul dekrets, romelic krZalavda saqarTvelodan xelovnebis nimuSebis da sxva sakulturo nivTebis gatanas, amgvar nivTebs Seadgenen: yovelgvari saeklesio nivTi da samkauli, xati, jvari, WurWeli, qsovilebi, xelTnawerebi da Zveli nabeWdi wignebi, suraTebi da sxva mxatvruli nawarmoebebi. samecniero-kvleviTi muSaobis organizebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani iyo 1920 wlis aprilSi miRebuli kanoni saqarTvelos centraluri samecniero arqivis daarsebis Sesaxeb. kanonis miRebis Semdeg daiwyo saqarTvelos istoriis SeswavlisaTvis aucilebeli masalebis Tavmoyra da damuSaveba.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena ganuzomlad didi mniSvnelobis movlena iyo eris cxovrebaSi. am periodSi gansakuTrebuli aRmavloba ganicada swored erovnulma kuturam. drois mcire monakveTSi, mZime ekonomikuri pirobebis miuxedavad, mtruli ZalebiT garSemortymulma saqarTvelom bevri ram axali da mniSvnelovani Seqmna. erovnuli kulturis gaRrmavebasa da xelSewyobaSi didi damsaxureba miuZRvoda sasuliero pirebs, kerZod saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebs: kirion II da leonids. isini aramarto sasuliero moRvaweni, aramed qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, kirion II damsaxurebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda saistorio wyaroebis, saarqivo masalebis Segrovebas. man didi wvlili Seitana `qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis” siZveleTa muzeumis istoriuli sabuTebiT gamdidrebis saqmeSi. mitovebuli eklesia-monastrebis nestiani senakebidan, saojaxo koleqciebidan mopovebul masalebs yovelwliurad uangarod swiravda am muzeums. 68 xelnaweri gadasca saeklesio muzeums. man eqvTime TayaiSvilTan, Tedo JordaniasTan, mose janaSvilTan da zaqaria WiWinaZesTan erTad didi wvlili Seitana qarTvel siZveleTa gadarCenis saqmeSi. misi udidesi RvawliT araerT eklesia-monasters Cautarda restavracia, gamorCeuli iyo alaverdis, SuamTis, qvaTaxevis, ruisis, sveticxovlis eklesiebis SekeTeba, didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda qarTuli enis, dedaenis Seswavlas da qarTveli momavali TaobisTvis Senaxvas da gadacemas niSnad qarTuli kulturisa, zneobisa da Cvevisa. am periodSi xelisuflebam eklesiasTan mimarTebaSi dauSva Secdomebi. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saero xelisuflebas Soris garkveuli gaugebrobebi warmoiSva erovnuli sabWos mier 1918 wlis 26 noembris kanonis miRebis Semdeg, romelic iTvaliswinebda yoveli tipisa da safexuris saxazino da kerZouflebian skolaSi saRvTo sjulis swavlebis da saRvTo sjulis maswavleblis Tanamdebobis gauqmebas; xsenebul skolebSi kreditis daxurvas, romelic gaxsnili iyo saRvTo sjulis jamagirisaTvis. es gadawyvetileba iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis aTeisturi mimarTulebis aSkara gamoxatuleba. xelisufleba marto am kanoniT ar Semoifargla. misive gadawyvetilebiT saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros gadaeca yofili sasuliero saswavleblebis qoneba-nagebobebi da iqidan gamoZevebul iqna sasuliero pirebi, rac ukanono qmedeba iyo xelisuflebis mxridan. mTavrobam specialuri dekretiT eklesiebs, monastrebs CamoarTva miwebi, venaxebi, saTibebi, tyeebi, wisqvilebi, e.i. arsebobis saxsari mouspo maT. am movleniT gancvifrebuli iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi leonidi (1918-1921). masac aranaklebi Rvawli miuZRvoda im drois saqarTvelos eklesiis da qarTuli kulturis winaSe msgavsad kirion II. leonidi iZulebuli gaxda weriliT miemarTa saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris, noe JordaniasTvis. man aRwera Seqmnili viTareba da Tanxmoba ganacxada, samarTlianad gayriliyo eklesia saxelmwifosgan. uwmindes leonids miaCnda, rom Tu mTavroba civilizebuli formiT, eklesiisagan gancalkevebas dauWerda mxars, maSin unda SeesyidaT misi uZrav-moZravi qoneba da a.S. misi uwmindesobis werils konkretuli Sedegebi ar mohyolia, amitom 1919 wlis 15 maiss uwmindesi da unetaresi patriarqi leonidi Sexvda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, sadac dawvrilebiT gaaanalizes saqarTvelos eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnili mdgomareoba. noe Jordaniam eklesiis meTaurs daxmareba aRuTqva, rom uaxloes momavalSi mTavroba miiRebda gadawyvetilebas monastrebisaTvis kerZo mesakuTris normiT miRebuli miwebis datovebis Sesaxeb, magram samwuxarod saqme win ar wasula. erTi Tvis Semdeg uwmindesma kvlav gaugzavna werili n. Jordanias, romelSic kvlav aRwerili iyo eklesia-monastrebSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba, berebis gausaZlisi pirobebi, `zogni SimSiliT ixocebian, zogni garbian monastrebidan, amis gamo monastrebis mdgomareoba sul ufro da ufro savalalo xdeba, da saqarTvelos saamayo istoriuli naSTebi sul upatronod datovebuli xdebian”. Semdgom amisa, damfuZnebeli komisiis safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam prezidiumis saxeliT gagzavna mimarTva, romelic aRniSnavda, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier warmodgenili kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad samRvdeloebis, sakaTedro taZrebis, sakaTolikoso dawesebulebaTa SenaxvisaTvis 1918 wlis pirvel ianvramde daifareboda gaweuli xarjebi. kanonproeqti komisiam miiRo, magram realuri daxmareba eklesias ar miuRia. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam eklesias faqtiurad undobloba gamoucxada da religiis Sesaxeb miRebuli kanoniT igi gauTanabra saqarTvelos moqmed sxvadasxva konfesiebs, `xelisuflebis ZiriTadi mizani iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis izolacia saxelmwifo politikisagan, radgan man kargad uwyoda eklesiis didi istoriuli avtoriteti qarTvel mosaxleobaSi, romlis ZiriTadi nawili eklesiasTan erTad, saxelmwifoSi gatarebuli reformebis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba gamosuliyo”. im dros, rodesac saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobas safrTxe Seeqmna, 1921 wlis 22 Tebervals sakaTolikoso sabWos weriliT mimarTa uwmindesma leonidma, ris Sedegadac unda emsjelaT Semdeg sakiTxebze: 1. sad da rogor iqneboda daculi omisagan mosalodnel saSiSroebisagan soflebisa da qalaqis eklesiebis ganZeuloba da siwminde? 2. sad iqneboda daculi sakaTolikoso sabWos qoneba da arqivi? 3. rogor Secvliliyo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis wesebi am SiSianobis Jams? da a.S. saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda Tbilisis sakiTxs da gansakuTrebiT mTavrobis garkveul gadawyvetilebebs. sakaTolikoso sabWom miiRo dadgenileba saeklesio ganZeulobis, Zvirfasi xatebis Tbilisis eklesia-monastrebidan gatanisa da quTaisSi evakuaciis Sesaxeb da mTavrobisagan iTxova specialuri dacvis gamoyofa maTi usafrTxoebis mizniT. 24 Tebervals uwmindesma da unetaresma leonidma datova Tbilisi da gaemgzavra quTaisSi. rodesac mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba emigraciaSi wasvlis Taobaze da amave dros saqarTvelos erovnuli siwmindeebis, ganZis waRebis Sesaxeb, es Tavzardamcemi faqti iyo patriarqisTvis. mas usiamovno saubari hqonda JordaniasTan, magram uSedegod. 17 marts saqarTvelos mTavroba baTumis portidan gaemgzavra ganZeulobiT datvirTuli. saqarTvelos patriarqi 13 aprils dabrunda TbilisSi... mas aRarc damoukidebeli saxelmwifo daxvda da aRarc saeklesio siwmindeebi, patriarqi TiTqos ucxo qalaqSi dabrunda. aseTi gamxdariyo qarTvelTa dedaqalaqi...

amrigad, saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublkis umaRlesma sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebelma xelisuflebam sworad gansazRvra erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi ganaTlebis, mecnierebis sferoSi da drois simciris miuxedavad, mniSvnelovani warmatebebi moipova. Tumca iyo arasworad gadadgmuli nabijebic, romelnic mkveTrad aisaxeboda kulturis ganviTarebaze. gaurkveveli iyo Tu ratom ewinaaRmdegeboda mTavroba sulieri da materialuri kulturis unikalur nimuSebis dacvas da SenarCunebas, momavali TaobebisaTvis rac yvelaze Zvirfasi iyo, nawilobriv is ufasurdeboda... da mainc, “vinc saTanadod ver Seignebs Tavis mSobliur siZveleebs da siyvaruliT ar moufrTxildeba Tavis winaprebis kulturul memkvidreobas, is maTi araRirseuli memkvidrea, SemTxveviTi rgolia cocxal arsebaTaA jaWvSi, cudi megzuria, mSobliuri siZvelis codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia Cawvde warsuls, gaigo awmyo da Segnebulad imuSao momavali didi nacionalur-kulturuli saqmisaTvis”.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. 
   saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli 1918-1921ww. Tbilisi, 1990
   
2. 
   saqarTvelos istoria, XX s. saxelmZRvanelo istoriis fakultetis studentebisaTvis. redaqtori, prof. v. guruli, Tbilisi, 2003.
   
3. 
   sergo vardosaniZe _ saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria 1917-1952ww.
   
4. 
   amiran nikoleiSvili _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis kultura, sadoqtoro disertacia (xelnaweri). Tbilisi, 1999
   

Summary
Teona Katamadze

Issue of Cultural Heritage in Georgian Democratic Republic (1918-1921)
The issue concerns the important the role of Culture in Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918-1921 years. In that period the policy of depressing Georgian centuries-old cultural heritage was implemented, mainly, by the russifiers. Despite this fact, Georgia, surrounded by hostile environment, created a lot of new and important things. The process of building Georgian Government was marked by development of the spheres of education, science and culture. Some bills and decisions adopted and made by the National Council point to this fact. The article covers these important bills and decisions.

РЕЗЮМЕ

Теона Катамадзе

Вопрос культурного наследия в демократической республике Грузия (1918-1921)

Данный вопрос касается того, насколько знаительной была роль культуры в 1918-1921 гг. в демократической республике Грузия. В тот период целенаправленно проводилась политика угнетения многовекового культурного наследия, в основном, со стороны русификаторов. Несмотря на это, окруженная вражескими силами Грузия создала много нового и значительного. В процессе строительства государственности Грузии большой подъем испытали сферы образования, науки и культуры, о чем говорят принятые национальным советом некоторые законы и постановления, которые в последующем представят предмет моего обсуждения.

_CONTENTS


International conference PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRANSFORMATION IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS------------------5
Giorgi Bagaturia, Sofiko Cxadadze

Strategic planning of state politics – Bismarck ---------------------------11
Lali Gvasalia

Return to heaven ---------------------------------------------------------------29
Bela Goderzdishvili, Maia Danelia

Regional Policy in the Context of Federalism --------------------------- 39
Tariel Kikvadze, Tamar Bridze

The methods of selecting the optimal portfolio -------------------------- 48
Genadi Iashvili

Strengths and Weaknesses of Small and Medium Enterprises.

Their role in country’s economical development ------------------------ 55
Rusudan Tabukashviki

The female language hypothesis --------------------------------------------- 64
David Taktakishvili

On the problem of different view pionts ---------------------------------- 71
Temur Todua, Mariam Natsvlishvili

Administer and Management in the system of Public

Administration ------------------------------------------------------------------ 79

Temur Todua , Ciala Gagnidze

Political leader’s part in public administrative system ------------------ 89
Sergo Lominadze

Social-Philosophical aspects of PR-activities------------------------------- 99
Maia Chkheidze