Uzbekistan state world languages university

4 :
1 . ‘
• ... •
■ '
1 '• •

Kxercise#5. Discuss with your group some differences in classifying and naming the phrases in compared languages according to the type of syntagmatic relations.





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	Similarities Differences	Distinctive features —-
Agreement	! 1 " " - 1 ! - 1 a j ^:
Government		! 1
Adjoining .

Exercise#7. Proof with your own examples the following comparative analysis of phrase.

1. 
   In English and Uzbek, the adjunct of an attributive phrase can be expressed by a passive infinitive.
   

E.g.:


This type of phrase in non-existent in Russian. The idea is rendered by a subordinate clause.
E-g-:

2. 
   The English, the Russianand the Uzbek languages differ significantly in the means of expressing syntactical connections in a phrase. In Russian and
   

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I )/.bck all the three ways of connection are used. In English, the use of government and agreement is restricted to the phrases with pronouns.
E.g.: :

3. 
   In English attributive phrases denoting objects in numerical order, the adjunct expressed by a cardinal numeral is in postposition to the kernel expressed by a noun.
   

E-g.:

4. 
   In the corresponding Russian and Uzbek phrases, the adjunct expressed by an ordinal numeral is in preposition to the headword.
   

E.g-^: !


► Home activities
Kxercise#l. Read the statements. Circle the true or false.

1. 
   Sentence is universal linguistic phenomenon while phrase is not True / False
   
2. 
   According to I. Mestchaninov languages are classified into nominative, ergative and passive
   

True / False

3. 
   The clement of a phrase can be morphologically equal or unequal True / False
   
4. 
   Greenberg found out only two variants of word order: S+P+O, S+O+P.
   

True / False

5. 
   According to Greenberg, the English and Russian languages belong to the SPO word order type.
   

True / False

6. 
   If the elements are syntactically unequal, one of them modifies the other. True / False
   

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English	all elements are obligatory	Expanded to read and translate the text- expanded elements are equal in rank	Extended
			: a beautiful flower - a very beautiful flower
Russian	Simple	Complex (three and more notional words) Example:	i
	'
Uzbek •	Simple (consists of two notional words) Example:	(consists of extending the members of simple word combination) осмоидаги уч ўрдак, ҳаммадан аьлочи уҳувчи

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Activities for self-improvement

English'>Kxcrcise#l. Work in pairs. Learn carefully the clusters below. Find general illlTcrcnces of word-combinations of three compared languages and compare lliem with your partner.
In English:





In Russian:





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In Uzbek:


Phrase


К


. i predicative
У
¹ posessive





adverbial


TOPICS FOR PRESENTATIONS

1. 
   Definitions of phrases in compared languages.
   
2. 
   Structure and classification of phrases of English, Russian and Uzbek languages.
   
3. 
   Criteria of connection of words in phrasess.
   
4. 
   Syntactic connection in compared languages.
   
5. 
   Comparison of the structure of phrases in compared languages.
   
6. 
   Comparison of thedistinctive feature of Uzbek, English and Russian phrases.
   

130

Seminar 8

Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Languages


► Classroom activities
Kxcrcise#l. Discuss the questions with your partner.

1. 
   Different definitions of the term “sentence”.
   
2. 
   Classification of the sentence due to different criteria.
   
3. 
   Nominal and verbal sentences.
   
4. 
   Main characteristics of acompound sentence.
   
5. 
   Word order typology.
   

I«',xercise#2. Work in a small group. Compare the given topic. Identify similarities, differences, and distinctive features and prepare a poster presentation to other group members.


Difference between
nominal and verbal
sentences in compared
languages


Comparison of composite sentence and its main types





The problem of word order
in typology


Distinctive features of
simple and complex
sentence in compared
languages

j	Declarative	Interrogative	Imperative
English			. •
j Russian
Uzbek i 1 i	,

Exercise#4. Discuss the following questions with your partner.

1. 
   What does the term “composite” mean?
   
2. 
   What types of composite sentences do you know in both English and Uzbek?
   
3. 
   Specify the compound, complex and mixed type of composite sentences.
   
4. 
   What are the problems connected with compound sentences?
   
5. 
   How are the complex sentences classified in Uzbek?
   
6. 
   What is the structural approach to the problem of composite sentences?
   

Exercise#5. Choose one of the topics below. Make a comparative analysis and prepare 10 minutes demonstrative presentation on it.

• 
  Comparison of English /Russian/ Uzbek simple sentences.
  
• 
  Comparative analysis of composite sentence in compared languages.
  
• 
  Typology of English/ Russian/ Uzbek nominal and verbal sentences.
  
• 
  Comparison of English / Russian / Uzbek word order system.
  

132

Home activities

Kxercise#l. Read the statements. Circle the true or false definition of "sentence”.

1. 
   The sentence is the basic unit of syntax.
   

True / False

2. 
   Sentence is different from other language units because it is a unit of speech. True / False
   
3. 
   The sentence is central syntactic construction used as the minimal communicative unit that has its primary predication, which is actualized by definite structural scheme and intonation characteristics.
   

True / False

4. 
   Л sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. True / False
   
5. 
   A sentence is only a means of communicating something about reality and also a means of showing the speaker's attitude to it.
   

True / False

6. 
   A sentence does not express a complete thought.
   

True / False
Fxcrcise#2. Read the given main criteria about the classification of sentences. Classify and write types of sentences according to these criteria in the table.
The criterion of the ; The criterion of the aim j The criterion of the structure of sentences I of the speaker i existence of all parts of
j the sentence


j §
s i
I l


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Excrcise#3. Fill the table with examples of thenegative form of adeclarative sentence of compared languages. Analyze similarities and differences between them. I Means		English	Russian		Uzbek
И- !	Grammatical morpheme	do+not / don ’(go		не Я не пойду		-ма Мен бормайман
: 2. i	Lexical units					1
3. 1' I •	Negative pronouns and adverbs					■■ j 3
4.	Phraseological units					1 ! j . 1
5.	Rhetoric questions					]

► Activities for self-improvement