Uzbekistan state world languages university

LIST OF THE KEY WORDS OF UNDERSTANDING THE COURSE OF
COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES
Typology of syntactic level of English and Native Language

1. 
   The syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes.^[3] The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.
   
2. 
   Syntactic typology is concerned with discovering cross-linguistic patterns in the formation of particular constructions, whether those constructions are phrasal, clausal, or sentential.
   
3. 
   Nominative language is a language where the single argument of an intransitive verb and the agent of a transitive verb (both called the subject) are treated alike and kept distinct from the object of a transitive verb.
   
4. 
   Ergative language is a language in which the single argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, and differently from the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb. For instance, instead of saying "she moved" and "I moved her", speakers of an ergative language would say the equivalent of "she moved" and "by me moved she".
   
5. 
   Word order in linguistics typically refers to the order of subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in a sentence. The arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In many languages, including English, word order plays an important part in determining meanings expressed in other languages by inflections.
   
6. 
   Word order typology is the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders.
   
7. 
   Adjunct is an optional, or structurally dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase that, if removed or discarded, will not otherwise affect the
   

122

remainder of the sentence. Example: In the sentence, John helped Bill in Central hark, the phrase in Central Park is an adjunct.

K, Syntactic connections are syntagmatic relations observed between syntactic units. They can be of three types - coordination, subordination, and predication.
'1. Adjective phrase (or adjectival phrase) is a phrase whose head word is an adjective, e.g. fond of steak, very happy, quite upset about it, etc.

10. 
    Asyndetic is a linguistic construction) having no conjunction, as in I came, / луж', I conquered.
    
11. 
    Syndetic denotes a grammatical construction in which two clauses are connected by a conjunction.
    
12. 
    The sentence is the basic unit of syntax. It is different from other language units because it is a unit of communication. It is very difficult to give a definition of the sentence because it has many aspects. Every definition reflects this or that aspect but it cannot be considered as a universal one.
    
13. 
    The sentence is central syntactic construction used as the minimal communicative unit that has its primary predication, which is actualized by definite structural scheme and intonation characteristics.
    
14. 
    A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. A sentence is not only a means of communicating something about reality but also a means of showing the speaker's attitude to it.
    
15. 
    According to structural features, sentences are divided into simple and composite; one-member and two-member sentences. Elliptical and non-elliptical ones.
    
16. 
    According to the purpose of utterance, we distinguish four kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory.
    
17. 
    A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
    

IS. Coordinating conjunction is a conjunction (such as and) that joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence. Also called a coordinator.
I‘>. Subordinating conjunction is a conjunction (a connecting word or phrase) that introduces a dependent clause, joining it to the main clause. Also called a siibordinator.
,’(). Rhematic is related to word formation having a verb as a base.


123

Languages	agreement ! government contact
English ■	^: • J • ! • ^: 1 j j
Russian	1 : i ' I 1
Uzbek	г 1 i

124

Russian ? *	Uzbek