A
if it is a characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea.
B
if it is a characteristic of central sleep apnea.
C
if it is a characteristic of mixed apnea.
1
Its root cause is a blockage at the trachea.
2 It is connected exclusively with the nervous system.
3 It involves blocked airflow and a brain malfunction.
4
It is the most unusual type of sleep apnea.
5
It is the most common form of sleep apnea.
IEL TS Reading (Activity
50)
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...,. Hacked off
Internet security, or rather the iack of it, is the bane of today's computer user. Computer hackers write
malicious computer programs (or malware) that infect vulnerable computers and modify the way they
operate. Typically, these programs are downloaded from the internet inadvertently with a single click of
the mouse. The consequences are detrimental to the user, ranging from a minor nuisance - for example,
slowing the computer's speed - to a major financial loss for an individual or company, when login and
password details are accessed and fraud ensues. Examples of malware include viruses, worms, trojans
(Trojan horses), spyware, keystroke logging, scareware and dishonest adware.
virus can be released when a user opens an e-mail and downloads an attachment. The text portion of the
e-mail cannot carry any malware but the attachment may contain a virus, for example in a macro (a
short program) embedded in a worksheet document, such as Excel. Viruses can replicate and if they
spread to the host computer's boot sector files they can leave the user with a 'blue-screen of death'. In
this circumstance, the blue-screen is accompanied by a message that starts
'A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer'.
Whilst malware cannot physically damage the computer's hard drive the information on the boot sector
has been destroyed and the computer is unable to function. In a worst case scenario the hard disk has to
be wiped clean by reformatting, before the operating system can be reinstalled, in which case every
program and file will be lost.
Unlike a virus, a worm can infect a computer without the user downloading an attachment, so it can
spread through a network of computers at tremendous speed. The ability of worms to replicate in this
way means that they can infect every contact in the user's e-mail address book and potentially every e
mail contact in each recipients computer. Instant messaging programs and social networking sites are
similarly at risk. A main feature of a worm is that it slows the computer down by consuming memory or
hard disk space so that the computer eventually locks up.
Classify the following as typical of
A a virus
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