A
Chek Lap Kok airport only
B
Kansai airport only
1
having an area of over 1000 hectares
2
built in a river delta
3
built in the open sea
4
built by reclaiming land
5
built using conventional methods of reclamation
IEL TS Reading {Activi 52)
.,... Bathymetry
C Both airports
Classification
The ocean floor is often considered the last frontier on earth, as it is a domain that remains greatly
unexplored. Bathymetry, also known as seafloor topography, involves measuring and mapping the depths
of the underwater world. Today much of the ocean floor still remains unmapped because collecting
bathymetry data in waters of great depth is a time consuming and complex endeavor.
Two hundred years ago most people assumed that the ocean floor was similar to the beaches and
coastlines. During the nineteenth century attempts to produce maps of the seafloor involved lowering
weighted lines from a boat, and waiting for the tension of the line to change. When the hand line hit the
ocean floor, the depth of the water was determined by measuring the amount of slack.
During World War I, scientists developed the technology for measuring sound waves in the ocean. Anti
submarine Detection Investigation Committee (ASDICs) was the original name for these underwater
sound projectors, but by World War II the term sonar was adopted in the United States and many other
nations. Sonar, which stands for Sound, Navigation, and Ranging, was first used to detect submarines
and icebergs. By calculating the amount of time it took for a sound signal to reflect back to its original
source, sonar could measure the depth of the ocean as well as the depth of any objects found within it.
The multibeam sonar, which could be attached to a ship's hull, was developed in the 1960s. With this
type of sonar, multiple beams could be adjusted to a number of different positions, and a larger area of
the ocean could be surveyed. Maps created with the aid of multibeam sonar helped to explain the
formation of ridges and trenches, including the Ring of Fire and the Mid-Ocean Ridge. The Ring of Fire is
a zone that circles the Pacific Ocean and is famous for its seismic activity. This area, which extends from
the coast of New Zealand to the coast of North and South America, also accounts for more than 75
percent of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. The Mid-Ocean Ridge is a section of undersea
mountains that extends over 12,000 feet high and 1,200 miles wide. These mountains, which zigzag
around the continents, are generally considered the most outstanding topographical features on earth.
Match each description below with the ocean region that it describes.
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