the army, Bahman returned to Ctesiphon. We do not know the purpose of his journey to
the capital, we only know that he wished to discuss certain matters with the Emperor. He
arrived at Ctesiphon to find Emperor Ardsheer very ill and remained in attendance on his
master.
Jaban moved with his army to Ullais and found a vast gathering of Christian Arabs who
had come from the region of Hira and Amghishiya. All had by now realised that Khalid's
mission was to take Hira, and felt that Khalid's success would mean more bloodshed and
enslavement. To prevent this, they had come to fight Khalid and, if necessary, die
fighting. Jaban assumed command of the entire army, the Christian Arab part of which
was commanded by a chieftain named Abdul-Aswad, who had lost two sons at Walaja
and was burning for revenge. Persian and Arab camped side by side with the Euphrates to
their left, the Khaseef to their right and the river junction behind them.
According to the early historians there was a river here which came into prominence as a
result of actions taken on conclusion of the Battle of Ullais, as we shall shortly see. This
river may once have been a canal, for it was dammed at its junction with the Euphrates
just above Ullais, but at the time of the battle the river was dry, or almost dry, because the
dam was closed. The Muslims referred to this river as just
the river
. I place this river as
the Khaseef (which is now a fair-sized river), for there is no space at Ullais for another
river or canal. Since, however, the name
Khaseef
may not have been in use at that time, it
is hereafter referred to as
The River
.
Before the arrival of Jaban and the Persians, Muthanna and his light cavalry had appeared
at Ullais and made contact with the Christian Arabs. Muthanna informed Khalid of the
enemy position, strength and apparent intention to fight. Khalid increased his pace,
hoping to catch the Christian Arabs before they were reinforced by other Persian forces.
But Jaban beat him to Ullais, perhaps by a few hours; and again Khalid was faced by an
enormous army. Again he determined to kill as many enemy warriors as he could lay his
hands on, so that fewer would appear against him in the next battle. He also decided to
fight the very same day; for the longer battle was delayed the more time the Persians
would have to get organised and co-ordinate their plans. It was now the middle of May
633 (end of Safar, 12 Hijri).
Khalid stopped just long enough on the march to array his army in battle formation,
appointing Adi bin Hatim and Asim bin Amr once again as the commanders of his wings,
before he started the advance towards Ullais. This time no outflanking movements were
possible, and he would rely for victory on the speed and violence of his attack rather than
on manoeuvre. The Muslim advance to battle continued for some time before Jaban came
to know that he was about to be attacked.
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