Чет тиллар факультети инглиз тили ўҚитиш методикаси кафедраси

E.g. The compassionate eyes seemed to watch me as I crossed the room. /James Herbert Others/ (a person watched him) [23]
E.g. A small shudder, a little wince of obvious pain were all it took to still curious tongues. /Vera Cowie Face Value/ (people who gossiped about her) [13]
8. The quality of a person/ an object stands for the person himself/object itself:
E.g. Inside was a waiting room full of perfect-body hopefuls of both sexes, fantasizing about fame and fortune. /Jonathan Kellerman The Clinic/ (actors who were hopeful to be given a part in the film) [25]
Metonymy is usually expressed by nouns. It differs from metaphor in the way it is decoded. In metaphor one image excludes the other, while in metonymy it does not; moreover, there is an objectively existing relationship between the object named and the object implied. [5, p. 54]
IRONY is a stylistic device based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings – dictionary and contextual, which stand in opposition to each other.
E.g. It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one’s pocket. [4]
The word delightful acquires the meaning quite the opposite to its primary dictionary meaning, i.e. “unpleasant”, “not delightful”. The word containing irony is strongly marked by intonation.
Irony must not be confused with humour, although they have very much in common. Humour always causes laughter. What is funny must come as a sudden clash of the positive and the negative. In this respect irony is similar to humour, but irony is used to express a feeling of irritation, displeasure, pity, regret, etc. [4, p.147]
Cf.: E.g. At Breakfast Christine asked her son: “How about cereal and peanut butter toast? … Or I could put one of your old shoes in the microwave and cook it up nice and tender for you. How about that? Nothing is quite as tasty as an old shoe for breakfast. Mmmmmmm! Really sticks to your ribs!” /Dean Koontz The Servants of Twilight/ (humour) [38]
E.g.“Isn’t she a gem?”
“A miracle worker,” Lou said. “It’s a miracle when she works.” /Dean Koontz The Vision/ (irony) [39]
Bitter socially or politically aimed irony is called sarcasm.
E.g. “Well,” I said, “isn’t the husband always the first suspect? Though stabbing her out on the street doesn’t sound typical.”
“True.” He rubbed his eyes. “Braining her in the bedroom would have been more marital.” /Jonathan Kellerman The Clinic/ [25]
ZEUGMA is the use of a word in the same grammatical but different semantic relations to two adjacent words in the context. The two meanings of the word are realized in the context without the repetition of this word. It is often used in poetry and emotive prose. [4, p.150]