Чет тиллар факультети инглиз тили ўҚитиш методикаси кафедраси


E.g. Mr. Right /from the film Witches of Eastwick/; Charles Surface



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E.g. Mr. Right /from the film Witches of Eastwick/; Charles Surface /R.B. Sheridan School for Scandal/

10 Seminar. The lexical-syntactic expressive means and stylistic devices
LITOTE is a stylistic device consisting of a peculiar use of negative constructions. The negation plus noun or adjective serves to establish a positive feature in a person or thing. This positive feature, however, is diminished in quality as compared with a synonymous expression making a straightforward assertion of the positive feature. Let’s compare the following two pairs of sentences [4, p. 246]:
E.g. It’s not a bad thing. = It’s a good thing.
E.g. He is no coward. = He is a brave man.
Not bad’ is not equal to ‘good’ although the two constructions are synonymous. The same can be said about the 2nd pair, no coward and ‘a brave man’. In both cases the negative construction is weaker than the affirmative one. Still we cannot say that the two negative constructions produce a lesser effect than the corresponding affirmative ones, just on the contrary. The stylistic effect of litotes depends mainly on intonation.
E.g. He was not without taste. [4]
E.g.It troubled him not a little. [4]
E.g. He found that this was no easy task. [4]
A variant of litotes is a construction with two negations, as in ‘not unlike’, ‘not unpromising’, not displeased’, etc
Litotes is used in different styles of speech, excluding those, which may be called matter-of-fact styles, official style and scientific prose [4, p. 248].
CLIMAX (GRADATION) is an arrangement of sentences (or of homogeneous parts of one sentence), in which each next sequence is either emotionally stronger or logically more important [5, p. 61]:
E.g. It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fair city, a veritable gem of a city. [4]

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