particular thing. All your friends who say they’re multitasking because
they’re so busy – no, they’re not. You can only really focus on one thing at
a time. People who claim they’re multitasking just have a decent mental
transmission and are shifting between things very quickly and often just
not spending any depth on any one thing. Listening requires taking all
that auditory information, finding elements that are similar and aligning
them in your brain.
Attention is about signals that synchronise in time. If a whole orchestra is
just doing that tune up thing where everyone is making it up, there’s no
melody, there’s nothing you’re tracking, you just hear this wall of sound –
but if during the tune up, a cello and a flute start playing a similar line,
the same scale, you’ll pay attention to that scale. It’s like they’re both
playing the C major scale or they’re both playing the opening from some
song you know: your ear has locked on the same frequency content over
time.
THREE KINDS OF
LISTENING
Nature hath given men one tongue but 2 ears, that we may
hear from others twice as much as we speak.
- Epictetus
Dame Evelyn Glennie is the world’s only full-time solo orchestral
percussionist – and she is profoundly deaf. When Evelyn lost her hearing
aged 12, her enlightened music teacher had her feel the different
vibrations in timpani skins as he struck them. Gradually she became so
sensitised that she could discern different notes through touch, and as
time passed she learned to hear with her entire body. Today, she plays
with symphony orchestras, listening with every cell. Naturally, Evelyn has
some strong views on hearing and listening, as expressed in her excellent
2007 TED talk, and also in my interview with her, an excerpt from which
is in the panel, along with instructions for accessing the complete
interview online in both audio and transcript forms.
If they think about listening at all, most people think that hearing and
listening are one and the same, a natural process we don’t have to think
about. That may be why we do not teach listening in schools.
In fact, hearing and listening are not the same thing at all. Listening is a
skill, one that can be learned and improved. It’s also a lot more complex
than it may initially appear.
I distinguish 3 kinds of listening, each of which we will explore in this
chapter.
First is
outer listening
. This is the listening you immediately think of
when you consider the topic – listening to sounds from around you. I
define this kind of listening as ‘making meaning from sound’.
Second is
inner listening
. We all have an inner voice that speaks to us
inside our heads. You know the one: it may have just said to you: “What
inner voice is he talking about?” The way we listen to that voice can shape
our whole life experience.
Third is
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