Heart and blood

THE INNER ORGANS OF THE HUMAN BODY

Every human being has a head, a trunk and limbs. The head consists of two parts: the skull and the face. The skull is covered with hair. The face consists of the forehead, the eyes, the ears, the temples, the cheek, the mouth with lips, and the chin. The eye is the organ of sight. Its principal part is the eye-ball (or apple of the jaw) with the pupil. The eyelids with the eye-lashes and the (eye) brows cover to protect the eyes, which are very delicate and easily injured. People who cannot see are blind. The nose is the organ of (the sense of) smell. In the mouth there is the tongue and 32 teeth (16 in each jaw). The ear is the organ of (the sense of) hearing. Some people are deaf, they cannot hear. The people who neither can speak nor hear are deaf and mute. The face of a grown – man is usually ornamented with a beard, whiskers or moustaches.

The neck connects the head and the trunk; its fore – put is called the throat. On both sides of the neck are the shoulders.
The trunk comprises the chest, the back, and the belly. In the chest are the heart and two lungs. The belly contains the stomach, the liver the kidneys, and the bowels. The limbs are the two arms, and legs, each arm consists of the upper arm, the elbow, the fore – arm (or low arm), the wrist, and the hand (called “first”, when it is clenched). On each hand we have five fingers which are the thumb, index finger (or, fore – finger), middle finger, ring finger, and pinky. The finger – tips are covered with finger nails. The parts of ach leg are the thigh, knee, shin and calf ankle and foot. Each foot has a heel, an innate, five toes with toe nails and the sole.


II. Read and translate the text without dictionary.


THE MAN WHO DISCOVERED CHLOROFORM

Many years ago nobody knew about chloroform. And when the doctor operated on a patient, the patient suffered from great pain. A young doctor in Edinburgh could not watch how patients suffered during operations and he tried to find some medicine to help the patient to overcome the pain. The doctor's name was James Simpson.

Once he came home from the hospital with two other doctors. When he was looking for some papers on his desk he saw a little bottle. He remembered that one of his friends had given him the bottle with chloroform. At that time people knew very little about chloroform.
James Simpson opened the bottle. Chloroform had a strong but not an unpleasant smell. He decided to breathe chloroform in and see the results. The two doctors who were in the room decided to do the same. And so they did. As they breathed in the chloroform they became sleepy and soon fell into a deep sleep.