(see
Fixed mindset; Growth mindset)
neurobiology of,
189
optimism and
(see
Optimism)
Hopkins, Mike,
104
–
5
“How to Solve the
New York Times
Crossword Puzzle” (Shortz),
115
How to Spell Like a Champ
(Kimble),
125
How We Do Business
(JPMorgan Chase manual),
254
Hughes, Rhonda,
193
–
95
Human genome,
82
Identity and culture,
247
–
50
Il Viaggio Di Vetri
(Vetri),
106
Imitation (of parents),
214
–
16
Indiana University,
95
,
109
–
10
In-groups,
245
Intellectual dimension of character,
273
,
274
Interest,
95
–
116
,
269
beginners and,
106
–
8
,
114
benefits of following,
97
–
98
consistency of,
111
–
14
constraints on choices and,
–
deepening of,,
development of,
,
,
discovery of,,
experts and,
–
exploring,
play and,
in three-phase progression model,
Interpersonal dimension of character,
,
Intrapersonal dimension of character,
IQ/intelligence,
,
author’s scores on test,
of high achievers,
increase in,
,
,
n
mindsets on,
of spelling bee participants,updating beliefs on,
Irving, John,
,
Ivy League undergraduates,
James, William,
,
,
,
James Beard Award,Japan,
Job crafting,
JPMorgan Chase,
Julia & Julia
(film),
Julliard School of Music,
Jürgen (mentor),
Kagan, Jerry,Kageyama, Noa,Kaizen
,Kashyap, Anurag,
Kaufman, Scott Barry,
–
Kimble, Paige,
,
King, Philip,–
KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program),–
Kopp, Wendy,
Lacey, Hester,
–
LaGuardia High School of Music and Art,
–
Lahti, Emilia,
Lakeside School,Lamennais, Hughes-Félicité-Robert de,
Lang Lang,Language, importance of,
,
,
“Later years,” 108,
Laughlin, Terry,Leach, Bernard,
Leader, Joe,
Learned helplessness,
,
,
n
Learned industriousness,
Learned optimism,
Learning to Cartoon
(Hoff),Ledecky, Katie,
Leong, Deborah,
Levin, Dave,Life philosophy,
Lomax, Michael,
289
–
90
n
Longitudinal studies
on extracurricular activities,
225
,
226
–
29
,
230
–
32
on interests,
103
–
4
,
107
on parenting impact,
213
on personality change,
86
,
233
–
34
Lowell High School,
18
–
20
Loyd, Sam,
109
Luong, David,
18
–
20
Luther, Martin,
76
Lütke, Tobi,
217
–
18
Lynch, Marshawn (“Beast Mode”),
264
MacArthur Fellowship,
xiii
–xiv,
275
MacKenzie, Warren,
42
–
44
,
105
Mackie, Susan,
184
Maier, Steve,
171
–
73
,
178
,
188
–
90
,
200
n,
240
Mankoff, Bob,
69
,
86
March, James,
248
Martinez, Alex,
207
–
10
Martinez, Francesca,
201
,
207
–
10
,
211
,
215
Martinez, Raoul,
208
Martinez, Tina,
207
–
10
Mathematics,
16
–
20
,
117
,
193
–
95
Matthews, Mike,
6
–
7
,
9
Maturity principle,
86
–
89
Mazzini, Giuseppe,
76
McDonald, Duff,
30
McKinsey,
58
author’s career with,
15
,
18
,
27
–
29
talent emphasized by,
26
–
30
McMahon, Darrin,
288
–
89
n
McNabb, Bill,
185
–
87
Meaney, Michael,
296
n
Mega successful people,
96
,
104
,
118
Mentors,
107
,
116
,
194
,
217
MetLife insurance agents,
174
–
75
Microsoft,
230
“Middle years,”
108
,
144
Mill, John Stuart,
75
Milton, John,
76
Milton Hershey School,
190
,
312
n
Mindfulness,
155
–
57
Mindsets.
See
Fixed mindset; Growth mindset
Mistakes, responding to,
141
–
42
,
183
MIT,
220
,
221
–
22
Montana, Joe,
203
Most Valuable Player award,
202
“Mundanity of Excellence, The” (study),
36
Mural Arts Program,
112
,
113
Murat, Joachim,
76
Music,
23
–
24
,
26
,
32
–
33
Myelin,
193
NASA,
104
–
5
“Nasty Nick” (obstacle course),
12
National Book Award,
44
Naturals,
23
–
25
,
31
,
36
,
37
,
51
Nature
,
192
Neglectful parenting,
212
New England Patriots,
61
,
264
Newton, Isaac,
75
,
76
New Yorker
cartoons,
68
,
69
,
71
–
74
New York Times
,
58
,
60
,
70
,
251
New York Times
crossword puzzle.
See
Crossword puzzle design
New Zealand,
233
Nietzsche, Friedrich,
38
–
40
,
187
,
199
–
200
Noe, Bernie,
88
–
89
Novelty,
112
,
114
,
116
NYC Transit,
153
Oates, Joyce Carol,
140
Observer
,
207
Oettingen, Gabriele,
65
Olympics athletes,
38
,
100
,
114
optimism and,
175
practice and,
118
,
121
,
132
,
133
,
138
,
140
Optimism,
173
–
75
,
190
,
193
growth mindset and,
181
,
192
learned,
173
in teachers,
176
–
78
Oscar, Daniel,
286
n
Outliers,
20
–
21
Outward Bound,
187
Oxford University,
15
,
58
,
59
,
60
Palin, Michael,
96
Parenting,
199
–
222
authoritarian,
200
,
203
,
211
,
212
,
213
child-centered,
201
,
211
contiuum of views on,
199
–
201
demanding style,
201
–
7
,
211
emulation by children and,
214
–
16
encouraging/supportive,
207
–
10
,
211
neglectful,
212
by non-parents,
216
–
22
patterns of successful,
210
–
13
permissive,
209
,
212
,
213
wise (authoritative),
211
–
16
Park, Daeun,
183
Parker, James,
12
Passion,
8
,
56
–
60
,
61
,
64
,
68
,
261
–
62
age and,
86
consistency of over time,
57
–
60
fostering,
99
–
101
genetics and experience in,
82
Grit Scale measures of,
9
,
56
–
57
,
82
high achiever indicators of,
77
identity and,
248
,
250
intensity not correlated with,
57
,
60
interest and,
91
,
95
–
101
,
103
,
116
,
143
practicality
vs.
,
96
–
97
purpose and,
91
,
143
Paunesku, Dave,
166
Peabody Conservatory,
25
Peanuts
(comic strip),
140
Permissive parenting,
209
,
212
,
213
Perseverance,
56
–
57
,
91
,
261
–
62
age and,
86
flexibility and,
69
–
74
genetics and experience in,
82
Grit Scale measures of,
9
,
57
,
82
high achiever indicators of,
77
identity and,
248
,
250
Persistence of motive,
77
Personality
corresponsive principle and,
233
–
34
,
246
maturity principle and,
86
–
89
Personal Qualities Project,
226
–
29
,
234
–
35
Pessimism,
174
–
75
,
177
,
178
,
191
–
92
Phelps, Michael,
37
,
38
Pitt, William,
76
Positive fantasizing,
65
Positive Psychology,
40
Post-it note experiment,
219
Potential,
14
,
22
–
23
,
51
,
236
Potter’s Book, A
(Leach),
105
Practice,
91
,
117
–
42
deliberate
(see
Deliberate practice)
quantity of time and,
118
–
20
spelling,
13
,
117
,
124
–
27
,
135
–
36
,
140
swimming,
37
,
132
–
33
in three-phase progression model,
144
Prefrontal cortex,
189
Princeton University,
95
Psychological Care of Infant and Child
(Watson),
200
Pulitzer Prize,
58
Purpose,
91
,
143
–
67
,
269
author’s experience with,
157
–
59
cultivating a sense of,
165
–
67
defined,
143
happiness and,
146
–
47
origins of,
162
other-oriented,
144
–
49
,
159
–
61
,
164
–
65
self-oriented,
159
–
61
in three-phase progression model,
144
unpredictable roads to,
161
–
62
Putnam, Robert,
236
–
37
Rasmussen, Mads,
133
,
138
Rats, experiments on,
188
–
89
,
238
–
39
,
296
n
Reddit,
101
,
103
Resilience training,
193
,
313
n
Résumé virtues,
274
Reverse Flynn effect,
85
Roberts, Brent,
233
Role models
of growth mindset,
182
–
84
parents as,
214
–
16
of purpose,
162
–
65
,
167
Roosevelt, Teddy,
254
Rushdie, Salman,
96
Sales,
10
–
11
San Francisco 49ers,
202
,
203
,
243
SAT,
3
,
6
,
14
,
28
,
33
,
44
,
227
,
229
,
230
,
232
,
235
Schmidt, Roy,
151
–
52
Schneider, John,
243
Schofield, John,
258
Schofield’s Definition of Discipline,
258
Schultz, Charles,
140
Schwartz, Barry,
102
,
272
Science
,
22
Scott, Alex,
143
,
145
Scripps National Spelling Bee,
12
–
14
,
91
,
131
,
270
performance-improving activities for,
125
practice for,
13
,
117
,
124
–
27
,
135
–
36
,
140
verbal IQ of participants,
13
,
14
Seattle Seahawks,
61
,
243
–
44
,
245
,
251
,
252
,
261
–
68
competition in,
262
–
63
,
265
–
66
finishing strong and,
266
language of,
265
Seaver, Tom,
63
–
64
,
65
Secretaries,
152
“See What’s Possible, and Help Others Do the Same” (Cole),
165
Self-control,
273
,
322
n
Self-fulfilling prophecies,
26
,
170
Self-talk,
175
–
76
,
193
,
310
n
Seligman, Marty,
171
–
75
,
178
, 184
as author’s advisor,
40
–
41
learned helplessness experiments of,
171
–
73
,
188
,
240
optimistic teachers studied by,
176
–
77
Seurat, Georges,
73
Shaw, George Bernard,
257
–
58
Sheldon, Ken,
297
n
Shopify,
218
Shortz, Will,
95
,
96
,
99
,
108
–
10
,
111
–
12
,
115
Silvia, Paul,
113
–
14
Sisu
,
250
–
52
,
253
“Sisu: A Word That Explains Finland”
(Times
article),
251
Skill development,
42
–
44
,
50
–
51
learning curve for,
119
three stages of,
107
Skilling, Jeff,
30
–
31
Smartest Guys in the Room, The
(documentary),
30
Smith, Chantel,
221
,
222
Smith, Will,
46
,
47
,
51
Social multiplier effect,
84
,
263
Society for Research on Adolescence,
212
Spartan Race,
319
n
Special Forces Selection Course,
12
Spectator
magazine,
123
Spellbound
(documentary),
12
–
14
Spelling bees.
See
Scripps National Spelling Bee
Spitz, Mark,
38
,
39
Sports Illustrated
,
268
Stalin, Joseph,
148
Stanford University,
162
,
215
,
222
,
248
Steinberg, Larry,
212
–
13
Stretch goal,
121
–
23
Strivers,
24
,
26
,
31
,
36
,
50
–
51
Summerbridge program,
157
–
59
,
167
Super Bowl,
202
,
243
,
263
–
64
Swarthmore College,
20
,
102
Swimming
culture of,
245
–
47
effort and,
36
–
39
genetics and experience in,
81
optimism and,
175
practice and,
37
,
132
–
33
Talent,
15
–
34
,
35
–
44
,
255
academic success and,
15
–
20
differences in,
31
downside of overemphasizing,
31
,
35
,
269
early literature on,
20
–
23
effort interaction with,
42
–
44
,
51
at Enron,
30
–
31
genetics and experience in,
80
–
81
in Ivy League undergraduates,
14
KIPP view of,
181
McKinsey’s emphasis on,
26
–
30
musical ability and,
23
–
24
mythologizing,
39
Nietzsche on,
39
,
40
skill separated from,
51
spelling and,
14
swimming and,
36
–
39
tests for, imperfection of,
34
updating beliefs on,
192
–
93
in West Point cadets,
9
–
10
Tar Heels, UNC,
254
–
58
Teachers.
See also
Education
author’s career as,
15
–
20
,
117
,
157
–
59
,
177
–
78
impact of feedback from,
218
–
19
optimism in,
176
–
78
Teach For America (TFA),
176
–
78
,
181
TED talks,
124
,
133
–
35
,
220
,
238
,
244
Television,
84
,
210
Templeton, John,
114
Ten-thousand-hour/ten-year-rule,
119
–
20
Terkel, Studs,
151
TFA.
See
Teach For America
Thomas, Earl,
263
Time
magazine,
251
,
276
Tough love,
211
Treadmill Test,
46
–
50
,
256
Trojans, USC,
262
Tsay, Chia-Jung,
23
–
26
Twin studies,
81
–
82
UCLA,
20
Ultimate concern,
63
,
66
,
68
,
272
United Kingdom,
82
United States Military Academy at West Point,
3
–
7
,
90
–
91
,
270
.
See also
Beast Barracks
admissions process for,
3
culture of,
245
,
258
–
61
dropout rate in,
3
–
4
,
259
Grit Scale administered at,
9
–
10
,
54
,
259
hazing at,
258
–
59
Whole Candidate Score and,
6
,
9
,
10
University College London,
25
University of California, Berkeley,
233
University of Houston,
238
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC),
254
–
58
University of Pennsylvania,
155
,
190
,
191
,
237
University of Southern California (USC),
262
Vaillant, George,
47
–
48
,
49
,
86
Values.
See
Core values
Vanguard,
185
Vetri, Marc,
100
,
103
,
105
–
6
Voltaire,
76
War for Talent, The
(Michaels, Hanfield-Jones, and Axelrod),
26
–
27
,
29
–
30
“War for Talent, The” (report),
26
Washington, George,
76
Watson, John,
200
,
211
,
212
Watson, Nora,
151
–
52
Watts, Alan,
155
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,
83
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,
83
West, Kanye,
187
West Point.
See
United States Military Academy at West Point
Wharton School of Business,
53
,
86
,
159
,
191
What the **** Is Normal?!
(Martinez),
201
Whole Candidate Score (West Point),
6
,
9
,
10
“Why?” questions,
63
,
89
Willingham, Dan,
317
n
Willingham, Warren,
226
–
30
,
231
,
234
–
35
,
317
n
Wilson, Russell,
264
Win Forever
(Carroll),
261
–
62
Winter War,
250
–
51
Wise (authoritative) parenting,
211
–
16
Wooden, John,
61
,
264
Work
as a calling
(see
Calling)
career changes and,
112
core values in,
166
–
67
disengagement in,
98
lack of direction in,
101
–
3
passion for,
97
–
99
,
103
World According to Garp, The
(Irving),
44
Writing,
44
–
46
Wrzesniewski, Amy,
149
–
50
,
152
–
53
,
155
,
166
–
67
X Factor, The
(television program),
31
Yale University,
31
,
149
Yeager, David,
160
,
166
,
218
–
19
Young, LeGrande (“Grit”),
202
,
203
,
204
–
7
Young, Mike,
204
Young, Sherry,
204
–
6
Young, Steve,
201
–
7
,
210
,
211
,
215
,
226
Zookeepers,
150
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Copyright © 2016 by Angela Duckworth
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Duckworth, Angela.
Title: Grit : the power of passion and perseverance / Angela Duckworth.
Description: New York : Scribner, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015042880 (print) | LCCN 2015044753 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Success | Perseverance (Ethics) | Expectation (Psychology) | Diligence. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / Personality. |
EDUCATION / Professional Development.
Classification: LCC BF637.S8 D693 2016 (print) | LCC BF637.S8 (ebook) | DDC 158.1—dc23
ISBN 978-1-5011-1110-5
ISBN 978-1-5011-1112-9 (ebook)
Document Outline - Dedication
- Preface
- Part I: What Grit Is and Why It Matters
- Part II: Growing Grit from the Inside Out
- Chapter 6: Interest
- Chapter 7: Practice
- Chapter 8: Purpose
- Chapter 9: Hope
- Part III: Growing Grit from the Outside In
- Acknowledgments
- Recommended Reading
- About the Author
- Notes
- Index
- Copyright
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