Grid reliability, resilience and flexibility system conditions system blackouts

IMPLICATIONS OF THE LONG-TERM DECARBONISATION STRATEGIES/OPTIONS ON SYSTEM OPERATION AND GRID PLANNING
IAEA WORKSHOP ON POWER SYSTEMS AND MARKETS
15. 07. 2021.
Davor Bajs
Energy Community Secretariat
POWER GRID
BASICS
GRID RELIABILITY, RESILIENCE AND FLEXIBILITY
SYSTEM CONDITIONS
SYSTEM BLACKOUTS
GRID PERFORMANCE
ELECTRICITY INTERCONNECTIONS
RES GRID CONNECTION
NPPs GRID CONNECTION
GRID STUDIES
LONG-TERM PLANNING
CHALLENGES
CONTENTS
The Energy Community Secretariat IAEA Workshop on Power Systems and Markets, 15-07-2021
Source: Author
POWER GRID
Source: INTERNET (www.pinterest.com)

• GENERATION
• TRANSMISSION
• DISTRIBUTION

• HEART
• ARTERIES
• VEINS

The Energy Community Secretariat IAEA Workshop on Power Systems and Markets, 15-07-2021
POWER TRANSMISSION BASICS
Voltage and current sinusoidal wave
Source: Understanding electric power systems
IEEE Press

• VOLTAGE: NOMINAL VALUES, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PERMITTED VALUES
• High voltages: lower losses, possible electrical stress on the equipment
• Low voltages : higher losses, possibility for voltage collapse
• FREQUENCY: NOMINAL VALUE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PERMITTED VALUES
• High frequency: overpressure of pumps, overheating of magnetic circuits, vibrations…
• Low frequency: affected outputs of generators, overheating, relays misfunctions…
• CURRENT: MAXIMUM VALUE IN NORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
• High currents: increased losses, heat, higher sag
• ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER: DETERMINED BY VOLTAGES, CURRENT AND THE ANGLE BETWEEN THEM
• Active power: related to frequency
• Reactive power: related to voltages

The Energy Community Secretariat IAEA Workshop on Power Systems and Markets, 15-07-2021