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The notional parts of speech are: the nouns, the verb, the adverbs, the numerals, the adjectives, the pronouns and the statives.
The functional parts of speech are: the articles, the conjunctions, the prepositions, the modal verbs and the interjections.
Thus, the problem of parts of speech is also one of the disputable and the most important issues in the English grammar.
We have already paid due attention to the criteria of problem of parts of speech is noun. Noun plays very important role in English
In the modern English the nouns are said to be parts of speech because of the following features:
They name a person or a thing;
They fulfill in sentences as a subject, an object, an attribute, an adverbial or others;
They can combine with almost all the parts of speech.
The investigation has brought to conclusion the inflexion, which denotes the relation of the noun to other words of sentences.
The nouns may be classified as belonging to one of the masculine, feminine or neuter genders.
We also have mentioned semantic classification of the nouns
Proper, common, class nouns, material nouns, collective and abstract nouns.
We can conclude that the nouns in the English language play one of the most significant roles in order a sentence or a phrase to be correct and understood.
To sum up all we have said that the substantinum is the part of speech which expresses that only living being and things but also names of abstract notions, i.e., qualities, states, actions, abstracted from their bearers.
Nouns have both morphological and syntactical characteristics. So the morphological ones: are following:
Nouns that can be counted have two numbers: singular and plural as table, tables.
Nouns denoting persons or we can say living being have two cases: the common case and the genitive case.
The main syntactical functions of the noun in the sentence are those of the subject and the object. But it may also be used as an attribute or a predicative.
A noun followed by a preposition may be used as attribute, prepositional indirect object and adverbial modifier.
The noun is generally associated with the article. Because of the comparative scarcity of morphological distinctions in English in some cases only articles show that word is a noun.
A noun can be modified by an adjective, a pronoun, by another noun or verbals.
Case indicates the relations of the noun (or pronoun) to the other words in the sentence.
In Modern English nouns have a different form for the possessive case, but they show no difference between the subject and object forms. Make the possessive of a noun by adding – ‘s to a noun that does not already end in – s, and by adding only an apostrophe to a noun that already ends in – s.
There is also the common case.
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