Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L& 11

Time/place word changes
today
—> 
that day
tom orrow
—» 
the next/following day
yesterday
—> f/?e 
day before/the previous day
3 days ago
— » 3 days 
before/earlier
now
—> f/ien 
here —> f/?ere
1 2 2
Gram mar for IELTS
languagedownload.ir

---

Unit 18 Passive Constructions
The passive can only be used with a verb that takes an object.
Present simple
am /is/are
+ past participle
Present continuous
am /is/are
+ 
being
+ past participle
Past simple
was/were
+ past participle
Past continuous
was/were + being
+ past participle
Present perfect
have/has
+ 
been
+ past participle
Present perfect continuous 
(unusual]
have/has
+ 
been
+ 
being
+ past participle
Past perfect
had
+ 
been
+ past participle
Past perfect continuous 
(unusual)
had
+ 
been
+ 
being +
past participle
Used to
used to
+ 
be
+ past participle
Would
would + be
+ past participle
W ill
w ill + be +
past participle
Going to
is/are + going to + be
+ past participle
Modal constructions - present/future
e.g. 
should + be +
past participle
Modal constructions - past
e.g. 
should have
+ 
been +
past participle
Semi-modal constructions
e.g. 
had to
+ 
be
+ past participle
Other Passive Constructions (avoiding using the subject)
A common way to use most reporting verbs in the passive is:
to be
+ past participle of the reporting verb + 
to
+ past participle
Active: 
People say that film s distort real life.
Passive: Films are said to distort real life.
Active: 
They advise parents to m onitor the programmes their children watch.
Passive: Parents are advised to m onitor the programmes their children watch.
Some verbs (e.g. say, know, believe, understand, find) can also be used in the following structure:
It is/was/has been
+ past participle of the reporting verb + 
that
+ clause
Active: 
People say that film s distort real life.
Passive: It is said that film s distort real life.
Active: 
Researchers have found that too many hours watching television can be detrimental.
Passive: It has been found that too many hours watching television can be detrimental.
Gram m ar reference 
1 2 3
languagedownload.ir

---

The International English Language 
Testing System (IELTS) Test
IELTS is jointly managed by the British Council, Cambridge E S O L Examinations and IDP Education, Australia.
There are two versions of the test:
• Academic
• General Training
Academ ic is for students w ishing to study at undergraduate or postgraduate levels in an English-m edium
environment.
General Training is for people who wish to migrate to an English-speaking country.
This book is primarily for students taking the Academ ic version.