Global Energy Review 2021


Rate of change of energy demand in 2020, and 2021 energy demand relative to 2019



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GlobalEnergyReview2021

Rate of change of energy demand in 2020, and 2021 energy demand relative to 2019 
levels, by region 
 

IEA. All rights reserved. 


Note: Bubble size is relative to regional primary energy demand in 2021.
 
Most emerging market and developing economies also experienced a drop in 
energy demand in 2020, albeit less than in advanced economies. Demand 
declined 5% in India, around 3% in Southeast Asia, 2% in the Middle East and 
1.5% across Africa.
China was a notable exception, the only major economy to experience both an 
increase in economic output and in energy demand in 2020. While restrictions to 
control the outbreak of Covid-19 depressed demand in the first quarter, the 
economy began to recover from April. For the remainder of the year, energy 
demand grew by 6% on average from pre-Covid-19 levels. Despite the impressive 
growth of renewables, increasing electricity demand led to an 
all-time high coal 
burn in December 2020
.  
Economic activity in China is set to further accelerate in 2021, and energy demand 
is expected to grow by 6%, with demand in 2021 almost 8% higher than in 2019, 
thus cementing China’s position as the economy least impacted by Covid-19. 
India’s steep economic slide in 2020 pushed oil demand down by more than 8%, 
while coal demand for power generation and industry fell by 5% and 11%, 
respectively. India’s CO2 emissions were more than 40% lower in April 2020 than 
they were a year earlier, making it the steepest monthly decline in emissions seen 
in any part of the world last year. But with India’s economy expected to bounce 
back strongly in 2021, energy demand is set to rebound by 7%, pushing demand 
2% above 2019 levels. Coal demand is expected to increase by almost 9%, 
contributing the most to rebounding demand, as electricity demand recovers. 
China
India
United States
European Union
Russia
Southeast Asia
Africa
Middle East
Japan
Brazil
World
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
20
20
/2
01
9
2021/2019
<- Partial recovery | Full recovery ->


Global Energy Review 2021 
CO2 emissions 
Assessing the effects of economic recoveries
on global energy demand and CO2 emissions in 2021 
P
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