Giorgi baRaTuria

da gansxvaveba
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis formirebis mniSvnelobasa da xasiaTs kargad avlens elinuri demokratiisa da romauli respublikis urTierTSedareba.
demo-kratia wminda elinuri movlenaa, igi Sedgeba sityvisgan _ xalxi da marTva. (SevniSnoT, rom demokratiis Tanamedrove interpretaciebi xSirad ar asaxavs mis pirvandel mniSvnelobas da ar gadmoscems sawyis semantikur, emociur, filosofiur, moralur da politikur datvirTvas).
res-publika wminda romauli movlenaa da aseve ori sityvisgan Sedgeba _ saqme da sazogadoeba.
demokratia iseve, rogorc respublika Tavisuflebis ideas gadmoscems da tiraniisgan, xelmwifeTa avtoritarizmisgan Tavisuflebas gulisxmobs, upirispirdeba saxelmwifosa (romelic semantikurad xelmwifes, anu erT moZalade xelisufals, mis mflobelobaSi myof qveyanas da mis monobaSi myof xalxs gulisxmobs) da monobis (monoba ar unda agverios monaTmflobelobaSi) ideas [2]. orive ormagi urTierTmimarTebiT xasiaTdeba, da aq maTi msgavseba mTavrdeba.
gansxvaveba ki swored terminebsa da maT urTierTmimarTebaSi, anu arsebiTSi vlindeba.
demo-kratia – xalxis mmarTvelobaa:

• 
  xalxi axorcielebs marTvas;
  
• 
  xalxisTvis xorcieldeba marTva (xalxis, misi rCeulebis, an vinmes (Tundac saxalxo, an xalxosani tiranis) mier).
  

res-publika – sazogadoebrivi saqmea:

• 
  saqme sakeTebeli sazogadoebis mier
  
• 
  saqme sakeTebeli sazogadoebisaTvis
  

amrigad, vxedavT, erTi SexedviT terminologiur, magram sinamdvileSi arsebiT gansxvavebas.
pirveli gansxvaveba _ xalxi (adamianTa (Sekrebili) erToblioba) da sazogadoeba (erTi mTliani, Semdgari ganuyofeli Semadgeneli nawilebis _ moqalaqeebisgan)
meore gansxvaveba _ marTva (vinmes mier vinmes iZuleba, Zaladoba) _ saqme (saerTo keTildReobisa da miznebis misaRwevad erToblivi suliskveTebiTa da ZalisxmeviT moqmedeba)
mesame, politikuri xasiaTis gansxvaveba:
saberZneTSi yvelgan an demokratiaa an oligarqia. demokratia da oligarqia monacvleoben, arCevnebi praqtikulad revoluciur cvlilebebs axdens. demokratebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi myardeba xalxis mmarTveloba, oligarqebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi _ mdidrebis; saerTo interesi ar ikveTeba.
romSic orpartiuli sistemaa _ popularebi da optimatebi. popularebi igivea, rac demokratebi aTenSi, magram optimatebi (saukeTesoni) gansxvavdeba oligarqebisgan (mdidrebi). miuxedavad imisa vin imarjvebs – optimatebi Tu popularebi – romSi respublikas araferi cvlis, dominirebs saerTo interesebi – saqme sazogado.
amdenad, semantikur doneze aTenSi samoqalaqo sazogadoeba naklebadaa ganviTarebuli, mas naklebi adgili uWiravs cnobierebaSi, romSi ki piriqiT _ samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ufro ganviTarebulia da cnobierebaSic meti adgili uWiravs. saboloo angariSiT, aTeni oligarqiul tiranias daemorCila, xolo romi _ samxedro diqtaturas, aTenma ver moigeria gare safrTxeebi, xolo romi sakuTari Zlierebis msxverpli gaxda, sagareo dapyrobebma da simdidrem romSi gza gaukvala samxedro diqtaturas, romelic Zv.w.aR-is pirveli saukunis bolos damyarda da romis dacemamde iarseba.¹
yuradsaRebia aseve is faqti, rom aTensa da romSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da demokratiis dasasrulis dasawyisad SeiZleba miviCnioT swored popularuli (rogorc romaelebi ityodnen) anu populisturi, memarcxene demokratiis gamarjvebebi [3]. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom demokratia TandaTan jgufur, korporatiul, klasobriv egoizms emsxverpla.
saboloo angariSiT, demokratiis ideam gaagrZela arseboba da TviTrealizebis formebis Zieba.