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Рецензент – профессор Догонадзе Шота Акакиевич, Грузинский технический университет. zurab kvetenaZe



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Рецензент – профессор Догонадзе Шота Акакиевич, Грузинский технический университет.
zurab kvetenaZe
saxelmwifo Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi
erTiani msoflios formirebis `sayovelTao mTelis~ ideisa da Seuqcevadi integraciuli procesebis fonze, friad aqtualuri gaxda liberaluri skolis warmomadgenelЕa mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom saxelmwifo aRar gvevlineba saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mTavar monawiled. Tumca bolo dros ganviTarebulma movlenebma, msoflio ekonomikurma krizisma gviCvena, rom saxelmwifos roli kvlavac wamyvania saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi.
saxelmwifoebs saerTaSoriso arenaze mudam gaaCndaT funqcionaluri mniSvneloba. bevri mecnieri saxelmwifos aucileblobas dedamiwaze borotebis arsebobiT xsnis. cnobili rusi mecnieri n. berdiaevi wignSi `Tavisufali sulis filosofia~ wers: `saxelmwifo mowodebulia borotebas garegani zRvari daados, magram borotebis Sinagani wyaros aRmofxvra mas ar SeuZlia. is imitom arsebobs, rom boroteba arsebobs arc Tu iSviaTad Tavad Cadis borotebas~ [4:128}.
saxelmwifoTa istoriuli formebic erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli iyo: man gaiara gza msoflio imperiidan, antikuri qalaq_saxelmwifoebidan evropul monarqiebamde, Semdeg iyo nacionaluri saxelmwifoebi. gardamaval periodSi XV_XVI saukuneebSi saxelmwifoebs ar gaaCndaT e.w. Camoyalibebuli sazRvrebi.
saxelmwifoebriobis Tanamedrove forma ki suverenitetis cnebas ukavSirdeba. Tavdapirvelad es cneba aRniSnavda monarqiis usazRvro Zalauflebas, romelsac igi qveynis SigniT axorcielebda. monarqi gansazRvravda qveynis sagareo da saSinao politikas. magram dRes saxelmwifoTa formis arseboba da genezisi mWidrod ukavSirdeba iseTi socialuri saxis erTobas, rogoric eria. udavoa, rom bunebrivi saxelmwifo sazRvari ar arsebobs (yvela warmoadgens istoriis Sedegs, romelic dakavSirebuli iyo Zalis gamoyenebasTan, amitomac iyo xelovnuri da atarebda politikur xasiaTs) iseve rogorc ar arsebobs biologiurad `sufTa~ erebi Tavisi eTnikuri warmomavlobiT, yvela eri warmoadgens mravaleTnikur erTobas, romelic yalibdeba politikuri socializaciis procesSi, religiuri rwmeniT, tradiciebiT, kulturuli faseulobebiT da a.S.
ingliseli mecnieris e. smitis azriT, erovnuli identuroba aris ZiriTadi elementi socialuri da politikuri procesis legitimaciisaTvis. nacionaluri ideologiis daniSnulebac isaa, rom moipovos solidaroba individebsa da socialur klasebs Soris, amisaTvis mobilizebuli unda iyos saerTo faseulobebi da kulturuli tradiciebi. nacionaluri doqtrinebi warmoSoben miTebsa da simboloebs, rac SexebaSia ideologiur racionalizaciasTan, yvelaferi es emsaxureba saxelmwifoebriobis gamarTlebasa da gaZlierebas. igi sTavazobs TiToeul individs, rogorc kerZo aseve socialur identobas, rac saSualebas aZlevs mas ganasxvaos Tavi, rogorc sxva samyarosagan, aseve sxva kulturisagan. maT warmodgenas saerTaSoriso arenaze ama Tu im doniT xels uwyobs yvela saxelmwifo, romelic dainteresebulia erovnuli gansakuTrebulobis damyarebasa da saxelmwifo suverenitetis legitimaciaSi [3:235].
radgan Tanamedrove saxelmwifos SinaarsSi Cadebulia erovnul _ saxelmwifoebrivi suvereniteti Sesabamisad mas gaaCnia ori ZiriTadi aspeqti saSinao da sagareo. aq saubaria erTis mxriv saxelmwifos Tavisuflebaze da imaze Tu ra gzas airCevs is ekonomikur, politikur _ samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi da a.S. xolo meore mxriv saxelmwifoTa Tanasworobisa da damoukideblobaze, erTmaneTis saSinao saqmeebSi Caurevlobaze da a.S. nebismier SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoTa suverenitetis princips mivyavarT saerTaSoriso urTierTobamde. magram aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT didi da patara saxelmwifoebi. Tundac Caurevlobis principebi erTnairad xorcieldeba saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis yvela monawileze? amerikeli mecnieri a. uolfersi Tvlis, rom saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT eswrafvodnen nacionalur eqspansias, gavlenis teritoriebis gafarToebas, mokavSireebis Zebnas da a.S. saxelmwifos SeuZlia izrunos misi sivrcis dacvaze, mas SeuZlia uari Tqvas ama Tu im SemoTavazebaze da saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobaTa solidarobaze [6:136].
yvela saxelmwifo eswrafvis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas. Tumca `suverenul saxelmwifoTa pluralizmis~ pirobebSi warmoiSveba usafrTxoebis dilemac. usafrTxoebis dilema SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos erTi romelime saxelmwifos gaZlierebiTa da usafrTxoebis gazrdiT. es usafrTxoeba SeiZleba sxvisTvis udides safrTxes warmoadgendes. aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT dazaraldes patara saxelmwifo. gavixsenoT 2008 wlis agvistos ruseT _ saqarTvelos omi. ruseTis politikuri xelmZRvaneloba dRemde acxadebs, rom ruseTi kavkasiaSi aris usafrTxoebis garanti saxelmwifo, sinamdvileSi ki am sityvebis ukan imperiuli ambiciebi imaleba. bevri sayvedurobs amerikis SeerTebul Statebsac eraySi warmoebuli omisaTvis, sadac birTvuli iaraRi ar aRmoCnda. erTis sityviT, calkeuli saxelmwifos usafrTxoebis zrda SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc safrTxe sxva saxelmwifosaTvis da gamoiwvios misi mxridan saTanado reaqcia _ gamalebuli SeiaraRebidan, `prevenciul omamde~. yvela erTnairad Tavs ver icavs, radgan rogorc aRvniSneT saxelmwifoebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian teritoriiT, mosaxleobiT, bunebrivi resursebiT, ekonomikuri potencialiT, socialuri stabilurobiT, politikuri avtoritetiT, SeiaraRebiT da asakiTac ki. saerTaSoriso stratifikaciaze yvelaze gavrcelebul formad gvevlineba saxelmwifoebis araTanabari saSualebebi daicvan TavianTi suvereniteti. dRes SeiZleba davyoT saxelmwifoebi Semdegi niSnebiT: a) saxelmwifoebi, romlebic floben masiuri ganadgurebis iaraRs planetaruli masStabiT. b) saxelmwifoebi, romelbic floben saSualebebs moaxdinon zegavlena mTeli kacobriobis bedze. g) saxelmwifoebi, romelTa damarcxebac SeuZlebelia koaliciuri ZalebiTac, Tu am koaliciaSi ar Sedis birTvuli saxelmwifo. msgavsi tipis saxelmwifoebs zogjer dResac imperiebs uwodeben. vfiqrobT, amgvari gansazRvra Tanamedrove realobaSi pirobiTia. ufro upriani iqneba amgvar saxelmwifoebs vuwodoT zesaxelmwifoebi, Tumca amgvar zesaxelmwifoebSic iqneba gansxvaveba. zogierTi zesaxelmwifo axorcielebs gavlenas msoflio ganviTarebaze, magram ver batonobs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi, isini ufro regionaluri liderebia.
saSualo tipis saxelmwifoebi floben mtkice zegavlenas mis siaxloves, es ganasxvavebs maT patara saxelmwifoebisagan, romelTa zegavlenac sustia. Tumca patara saxelmwifoebi floben saSualebebs, raTa SeinarCunon damoukidebloba da teritoriuli mTlianoba. magram es saSualebebi zogjer sakmarisi araa, rac ruseT _ saqarTvelos omis dros gamoCnda. (saqarTvelom ver SeZlo teritoriuli mTlianobis dacva).
saxelmwifo kvlav udides rols TamaSobs saerTaSoriso arenaze. drom gviCvena, rom misi `Camowera~ naadrevia. an rodesme iqneba es SesaZlebeli? es kiTxva sociologiisa da filosofiis kuTxiT kidev ufro problematuri Cans. Tu adamians, mis `cidvad dacemul~ bunebas CavuRrmavdebiT aseTi perspeqtiva Soreul momavlSic ar Cans. tradiciuli warmodgena ki kvlavac gveubneba: saxelmwifo warmoadgens Tavis Tavs saerTaSoriso arenaze misi sagareo politikiT, romelic ori ZiriTadi _ diplomatiisa da strategiis formiT ganisazRvreba. misi daniSnuleba erovnuli suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis dacva da qveynis usafrTxoebaa. Tumca dRes sagareo politikis amgvar gagebas emateba ekologiuri problemebi, mecnierul _ teqnikuri progresi, sakomunikacio saSualebebi da a.S. saxelmwifos aqac uxdeba Tavisi sityvis Tqma, rameTu kacobriobam erTad unda gaicnobieros is safrTxe, romelic `siTburi efeqtis~, ekologiuri dabinZurebis Sedegad SeiZleba Seiqmnas. ase rom saxelmwifos roli da adgili saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi Tanamedrove sinamdvileSic aqtualuri da angariSgasa-wevia.

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