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samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
ganviTarebis etapebi
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aTenSi man gaiara gza oligarqiulidan popularulamde (Zv.w.aR 401 w.mde) da Semdeg isev oligarqiulisken.
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romSi _ aristokratiul-oligarqiulidan popularulamde (Zmeb grakxusebis, gaius mariusis da gaius iulius keisris kanonmdebloba), xolo Semdeg, samxedro diqtaturis pirobebSi rCeboda sakmaod memarcxene popularulad.
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barbarosoba iyo erTgvari deromanizacia anu adreklasobrivi samxedro demokratiis aRdgena, Tumca amave periodSi elinur-romauli anu antikuri tradicia Rvivis bizantiasa da veneciaSi
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karlos didisa da Semdgom jvarosnuli laSqrobebis dros xdeba reromanizacia, an arsebiTad gvianromauli sistemis aRdgena, rac sami, erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli nakadiT xorcieldeba:
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monarqia da eklesia aRadgenen romaul samarTals, administrirebas, kulturas, stilsa da politikas;
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feodaluri aristokratia romaul samarTals iyenebs sakuTari uflebebis dasacavad, aqve unda aRiniSnos rom samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mentalur safuZvlebSi manac Tavis wvlili Seitana;
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moqalaqeebi ara Tu inarCuneben qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobas, aramed TavisuflebaTa da uflebaTa gazrda-gafarToebasac axerxeben; qalaqebis Tavisufleba TandaTan TemSic aRwevs; (italiis qalaqebi, rainis kavSiri, hanzis kavSiri, novgorodi, Tbilisi, Sveicariis kantonebi) [4];
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reromanizacias mohyva renesansi _ cnobierebis reromanizacia da reelinizacia, rac SemdgomSi politikur da sazogadoebriv_politikur sferoSic SeaRwevs da mis transformacias daaCqarebs, am procesSi monarqia da eklesia ZiriTad Semakavebel funqcias asrulebs [5];
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reformacia anu protestantuli revolucia iyo samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis umniSvnelovanesi fenomenis, pirovnuli Tavisuflebis, sulisa da sindisis Tavisuflebis gacnobierebisa da realizebis mZlavri ideologiuri safuZveli, xalxi Tavisufldeba ori mZlavri Semakaveblidan (eklesia da monarqia), orivesgan Tu ara erTisgan mainc, amave dros xalxma icis rom Tavisufleba RmerTisganaa boZebuli da misi daTmoba RvTis gmobis tolfasia. yuradsaRebia, rom rainis kavSiris qalaqebSi Zalaufleba xelT upyria senatorebs, romlebic floben did qonebas, amdenad aq oligarqiuli respublikebia, qalaqis mosaxleobis umravlesobas aqvs piradi Tavisufleba da uflebebi, magram ara politikuri da ibrZvis qalaqis marTvasa da politikaSi monawileobis uflebis mopovebisaTvis anu demokratizaciisTvis. niSandoblivia, rom senatorebi kaTolikebi arian, xolo xalxis masa _ protestantuli. amdenad, reformaciam Tu ar ganapiroba didad Seuwyo xeli qalaqebis demokratizacias. religiuri, kulturuli da politikuri demokratizacia moxda paralelurad da
urTierTxelSewyobiT, amitom reformacias xSirad protestantul revolucias uwodeben;
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ganmanaTlebloba mniSvnelovani etapia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis formirebaSi radganac, man warmoSva arareligiuri da zogadi erovnul saxelmwifoebrivi safuZvlebi Tanamedrove liberaluri demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis; rogorc adreve aRvniSneT individualuri Tavisufleba araa sakmarisi srulfasovani demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis; qalaqebSi arsebobda korporatiuli (gildiebSi) da klasobrivi solidaroba, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi Tanamoqalaqeebs Soris gare safrTxeebis winaSe arsebobda burJuaziuli solidarobac. reformaciis Sedegad gamoikveTa aseve religiuri solidarobac, Tumca man gaxliCa aramonokonfesiuri sazogadoebebi; ganmanaTleblobamde praqtikis doneze arsebobda Tavisufleba da Tanadgoma romelic safrTxeSi aRmoCnda religiuri da socialuri winaaRmdegobebis Sedegad; ganmanaTleblobam ki eri-saxelmwifos cneba Semoitana da Seqmna Teoriuli safuZvlebi individualur Tavisuflebaze, Tanasworobaze da erovnul erTsulovnebaze dafuZnebuli zogad-saxelmwifoebrivi solidarobisaTvis;
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burJuaziuli revoluciebi iyo gadamuSavebuli ganmanaTlebloba realizebuli Teoriul, samarTlebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi; dawyebuli lokaluri eqsperimentebiT rogoric iyo niderlandebis (XVI s.), inglisis (XVII), da amerikis (XVIII s.) da damTavrebuli safrangeTis didi burJuaziuli revoluciiT, romelic mTel evropas da laTinur amerikas moedo da, amdenad, SeiZleba msoflio revoluciadac iqnas miCneuli _ ganmanaTleblebis ideebma praqtikuli xorcSesxma daiwyes mTel msoflioSi. mTel am periodSi demokratia araTanmimdevrulad viTardeboda, Tumca ganvitarebis ZiriTadi veqtori iyo oligarqiulidan liberalurisken; samoqalaqo sazogadoeba sul ufro da ufro mzardi gavleniT monawileobs aRniSnul procesSi, Tumca politikuri da klasobrivi antagonizmi aferxebs mis formirebas, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis yvelaze didi miRweva da mZafri gamovlineba nacionaluri egoizmis saxiT warmogvidgeba, romlis apoTeozi meore msoflio omi gaxldaT;
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politikuri da socialuri liberalizmi (romelic ekonomikursa da kulturulSi ar unda agverios) erTi SexedviT qaoturobiT xasiaTdeba, magram realurad es qaoturoba aris mTliani procesis Semadgeneli, erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad moqalaqeTa altruistuli jgufebi ibrZvian da zrunaven sxvaTa uflebebisaTvis, Tanasworobisa da erTianobisTvis; kacobriobam sruli urTierT ganadgurebis safrTxis winaSe gaacnobiera yvelas da TiToeulis sicocxlis, Tavisuflebis, Tanasworobisa da keTildReobis aucilebloba da gamosaxa ludvig erxardis formuliT `keTidReoba yvelasTvis” [6]; adamianebi acnobiereben adamis modgmis erTianobas; erovnuli, klasobrivi, socialuri, korporatiuli, religiuri, politikuri, ideologiuri da sxva saxis jgufuri egoizmi gzas uTmobs kosmopolitizmsa da zeerovnuli erTianobis gancdas; globalizaciis pirobebSi naTeli xdeba rom yvelani erTi modgmisani varT da erT planetaze vxovrobT da amdenad erTad gadavrCebiT an erTad daviRupebiT; es ukanaskneli debuleba Teoriuladac dasabuTebuli gvaqvs kibernetikis TvalsazrisiT [7]
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solidaroba aris momavlis ideologia, romelic ukve ikvlevs gzas [8]. konservatizmis, liberalizmis, socializmis Tu sxva ideologiebisgan gansxvavebiT solidarobaSi ikveTeba Tavisufal da Tanasawor adamianTa (ganurCevlad rasobrivi, religiuri, kulturuli, enobrivi Tu Tundac saxelmwifoebrivi an sxva niSniT gansxvavebulobis) erTianoba da Tanadgoma; sxvadasxva niSniT solidaroba transformirdeba erTad-erTi niSniT _ adamianis adamianis mimarT solidarobaSi, sadac realurad srulfasovani samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, srulad daicavs Tavs Tavisive jgufuri (Tundac erovnuli) egoizmisgan; Tumca es momavlis saqmea, kacobriobas aqvs SesaZlebloba moaxdinos misi realizeba, an darCes SezRuduli (erovnuli Tu sxva niSniT) samoqalaqo sazogadoebis farglebSi da amdenad moisrolos solidaroba egalitarul utopiaTa sanagveze.
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