...
8
. . . 9
.
10
. 15
. 17
. 17
. 19
.
22
,23
. 25
, 29
.31
34
.36
45
50
50
51
54
55
58
58
59
60
60
62
64
64
66
68
69
73
307
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IV BOB. OLIY NERV FAOLIYATINING YOSH X U SU SIY A TLA RI.............. 75
Birinchi va ikkinchi signal sistemasi..............................................................................76
Oliy nerv faoliyatining tiplari..........................................................................................79
Iz qoldiruvchi shartli rellekslar..................................................................................... 82
Q o4zg‘alish va tormozlanish jarayonlarining o‘zaro ta ’siri.......................................82
Bolalarda shartli reflekslarning torm ozlanishi........................................................... 83
Bolalarda birinchi va ikkinchi signal sistemasining o‘zaro ta ’siri............................ 84
Bolalarda nutqning rivojlanishi.................................................................................... 85
Bola oliy nerv faoliyati tiplarining xususiyatlari va ularni tarbiyalash................... 85
0 ‘quvchi va talabalar psixologik xususiyatlari................................. ......................... 87
Hissiyotning fiziologik aso slari..................................................................................90
0 ‘qitishning fiziologik aso slari..................................................................................... 96
Uyqu, tush ko‘rish va gipnoz....................................................................................... 97
Nerv tizimining gigiyenasi............................................................................................. 101
V-BOB. T A ’LIM TARBIYA ISHLAR G IG IY E N A S I......................................... 104
0 ‘quvchi va talabalarning ishchanlik qobiliyati....................................................... 104
M aktab yoshi haqida tushuncha................................................................................ 108
О ‘q u v уili gigiyenasi...................................................................................................... I l l
Dars va dars jadvallariga qo‘yilgan gigiyenik ta la b la r............................................ 112
Kasb-hunar kollejlarida ta ’lim tarbiya gigiyenasi..................................................... 118
Kasb-hunar kollejlarida dars va dars jadvallariga qo‘yilgan gigiyenik talablar ... 119
VI BOB. 0 ‘QUVChI VA TALABALARNING KUN T A R T IB I....................... 121
Maktab yoshidagi bolalarning kun ta rtib i............................................................... 121
Kuni uzaytirilgan sinf bolalari uchun taxminiy kun tartibi.................................... 127
Kasb-hunar kollej talabalarining kun tartibi............................................................ 131
VII BOB. SEZGI ORG AN LARI - A NALIZATORLAR......................................133
T a’m bilish analizatori.................................................................................................. 134
Hid bilish analizatori.................................................................................................... 135
K o‘rish analizatori....................................................................................................... 135
KoVrish analizatorining yoshga bog‘liq xususiyatlari............................... ..............139
Eshitish analizatori........................................................................................................ 142
Tovush tebranishlarini qabul qilish........................................................................... 145
0 ‘quv xonalarining yoritilishiga qo‘yilgan gigiyenik ta la b la r................................ 148
VIII BOB. ICHKI SEKRETSIYA BEZLARINING YOSHGA XOS
XUSUSIYATLARI. ICHKI SEKRETSIYA BEZLARINING
AHAMIYATI ........................................................................................................ 151
Qalqonsimon bez funksiyalarining buzilishiga bogiiq kasalliklar......................... 156
Buyrak usti b ezlari....................................................................................................... 159
M e’da osti b e z i.............................................................................................................. 161
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Semirish (yog‘ bosish).................................................... ........ .................................... 163
0 ‘g4il bolalarda jinsiy bezlarning endokrin funksiyasi............................................ 165
Jinsiy tarbiya............................... .............................. ................................................... 167
IX BOB. TAYANCH-HARAKAT APPARATINING YOSHGA XOS
X U SU SIY A TLA R I.............................................................................................. 172
Suyak sistem asi................................... ........................................................................ 172
Muskul sistem asi.......................................................................................................... 178
Muskullarning asosiy guruhlari..................................... .......................... ................. 179
Muskul harakatlarining tezligi va chidamlilik xususiyatlari............ ....................... 185
Tayanch harakat apparatining gigiyenasi................................................................. 187
X BOB. OVQAT HAZM QILISH SISTEMASINING YOSH
XUSUSIYATLARI VA G IG IY EN A SI........................................................... 192
Ovqatning og‘iz bo‘shlig4ida hazm b o iis h i.............................................................. 193
Ovqatning me’dada hazm boTishi............................................................................. 194
Ovqat hazm qilish organlarining yoshga xos xususiyatlari..................................... 197
XI BOB. MODDALAR VA ENERGIYA A LM A SH IN U V I.............................. 199
Ovqatlanishning yoshga xos xususiyatlari................................................................ 199
Bolalar va o ‘smirlaming ovqatlanish tartibi va uni tashkil etish...........................208
Ovqatning sifat miqdori va kuchlilik aham iyati.................... ............. ....................209
Mahsulotlarni alm ashtirish.................... .................................................................... 214
Bolalar va o ‘smirlarning ovqatlanish gigiyenasi................ ......................................215
Ovqatdan zaharlanish................................................................................................. 220
Bakterial zaharlanish.................................................................................................. 220
U m um ta’lim maktabi, litsey va kasb-hunar kollejlari, shahardan tashqaridagi
bolalar oromgohlarida va turistik sayohatlarda ovqatlanishni tashkil etish.. 222
XII BOB. QON VA QON AYLANISH SISTEMASINING YOSH
XUSUSIYATLARI VA G IG IY E N A SI............................................................224
Qon guruhlari va qon quyish..................................................................................... 227
Qonning yoshga xos xususiyatlari.............................................................................229
Qon aylanishi................... ........................................ ....................................................231
K atta va kichik qon aylanish doirasi.... ....................................................................231
Yurakning yoshga xos xususiyatlari..........................................................................233
Yurak faoliyatining boshqarilishi.............................................................................. 234
Aqliy va jismoniy mehnat vaqtida yurak-tomir sistemasining funksiyalari..........236
Yurak-qon tomir sistemasi gigiyenasi........................................................................237
XIII BOB. NAFAS ORGANLARINING YOSH XUSUSIYATLARI VA
G IG IY E N A SI...... ................................................................................................ 237
Nafas fiziologiyasi....................................................................................................... 239
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Nafasning yoshga oid xususiyatlari........................................................................... 241
Nafas olishning boshqarilishi..................................................................................... 243
Nafas olish gigiyenasi................................................................................................... 244
Sinf va o ‘quv xonalarining shamolatilishini gigiyenik baholash............................ 244
XIV BOB. AYIRISH ORG A N LA RIN IN G YOSHGA XOS
X U SU SIY A T L A R I...............................................................................................247
0 ‘g‘il bolalar jinsiy gigiyenasi...................................................................................... 253
Qizlar jinsiy gigiyenasi............................................................................. ....................253
Teri analizatorining yoshga oid xususiyati va gigiyenasi.........................................254
Teri gigiyenasi............................................................................................................... 256
XV.BOB. 0 ‘QUVCHI VA TALABALAR ORGAN IZM IN IN G M ORFOLO GIK
VA FIZIOLOGIK X U SU SIY A TLA R I............................................................ 259
O'quvchi va talabalar psixologik xususiyatlari.........................................................263
O squv muassasalari binosini rejalashtirish va unga qo‘yiladigan gigiyenik
talab lar..................................................................................................................... 266
EHM xonalariga qo4yiladigan talab lar......................................................................269
Sinf xonalariga qobyiladigan gigenik ta la b la r.......................................................«...271
Sinf taxtalariga qo‘yiladigan gigiyenik ta la b la r........................................................275
Jismoniy tarbiya darslariga qo‘yilgan gigiyenik ta la b la r.........................................275
Mehnat darslariga qo‘yiladigan gigiyenik ta la b la r.................................................. 279
Ustaxonada yuk ko‘tarish va ish vaqti ta rtib i.................... ..................................... 281
XVII BOB. 0 ‘SMIRLARDAGI ZARARLI O D A TLA R.......................................282
Tamaki va nos chekishning sogiiqqa z a r a r i............................................................ 283
Spirtli ichimliklarni iste’mol qilishning zarari va uning aso ratlari........................285
Giyohvandlik va uning zararli o q ib atlari................................................................. 287
Giyohvandlik profilaktikasi............................................................................. .......... 288
Orttirilgan immunitet sindromi tanqisligi (OITS) kassalligi................................... 289
Izohli lug‘a t ..................................................................................................................293
Adabiyotlar ro‘yxati..................................................................................................... 305
310
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