New Approaches to Performance-Based Rewards
Some organizations have started to recognize that they can leverage the value of the
incentives that they offer to their employees and to groups in their organization by
allowing those individuals and groups to have a say in how rewards are distributed. For
example, at the extreme, a company could go so far as to grant salary increase budgets to
work groups and then allow the members of those groups themselves to determine how
the rewards are going to be allocated among the various members of the group. This
strategy would appear to hold considerable promise if everyone understands the perfor-
mance arrangements that exist in the work group and if everyone is committed to being
fair and equitable. Unfortunately, it can also create problems if people in a group feel
that rewards are not being distributed fairly.
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Organizations are also getting increasingly innovative in their incentive programs. For
example, some now offer stock options to all their employees, rather than just top execu-
tives. In addition, some firms are looking into ways to purely individualize reward sys-
tems. For instance, a firm might offer one employee a paid three-month sabbatical every
two years in exchange for a 20 percent reduction in salary. Another employee in the
same firm might be offered a 10 percent salary increase in exchange for a 5 percent
reduction in company contributions to the person’s retirement account. Corning,
General Electric, and Microsoft are among the firms closely studying this option.
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Regardless of the method used, however, it is also important that managers in an
organization effectively communicate what rewards are being distributed and the basis
for that distribution. In other words, if incentives are being distributed on the basis of
perceived individual contributions to the organization, then members of the organization
should be informed of that fact. This will presumably better enable them to understand
the basis on which pay increases and other incentives and performance-based rewards
have been distributed.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES AND KEY POINTS
1.
Characterize the nature of motivation,
including its importance and basic historical
perspectives.
• Motivation is the set of forces that causes
people to behave in certain ways.
• Motivation is an important consideration for
managers because it, along with ability and
environmental factors, determines individual
performance.
2.
Identify and describe the major content
perspectives on motivation.
• Content perspectives on motivation are
concerned with what factors cause motivation.
• Popular content theories include Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs, the ERG theory, and
Herzberg’s two-factor theory.
• Other important needs are the needs for
achievement, affiliation, and power.
3.
Identify and describe the major process
perspectives on motivation.
• Process perspectives on motivation deal with
how motivation occurs.
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