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F I G U R E 1 2 . 2

Types of Communication Networks

Research on communication networks has identified five basic networks for five-person groups. These

networks vary in terms of information flow, position of the leader, and effectiveness for different types of

tasks. Managers might strive to create centralized networks when group tasks are simple and routine.

Alternatively, managers can foster decentralized groups when group tasks are complex and nonroutine.

vertical

communication

Communication that

flows up and down

the organization,

usually along formal

reporting lines; takes

place between

managers and their

superiors and

subordinates and

may involve several

different levels of the

organization

Chapter 12: Communication in Organizations

3 6 9

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downward communication. Subordinates are likely to withhold or distort information that

makes them look bad. The greater the degree of difference in status between superior and

subordinate and the greater the degree of distrust, the more likely the subordinate is to

suppress or distort information.

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For example, subordinates might choose to withhold

information about problems from their boss if they think the news will make him angry

and if they think they can solve the problem themselves without his knowledge.

Downward communication occurs when information flows down the hierarchy from

superiors to subordinates. The typical content of these messages is directives on how

something is to be done, the assignment of new responsibilities, performance feedback,

and general information that the higher-level manager thinks will be of value to the

lower-level manager. Vertical communication can and usually should be two-way in

nature. In other words, give-and-take communication with active feedback is generally

likely to be more effective than one-way communication.

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