situations.
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brevity, many people, Shakespearean scholars and non-
experts alike, regard as one of the most inspiring
speeches ever written.
First, we need to set the scene: In 1415, England,
under the leadership of King Henry IV, has invaded
France to regain control of some disputed lands. Bear
in mind that, to Shakespeare’s audience, the legitimacy
of Henry’s claim makes both his cause and his war
“just.” Having won several hard-fought battles, the
English army of 6,000 has marched from the coast
into the interior of France and is encamped outside
the French town of Agincourt. At this point in the
campaign, they are sick, cold, hungry, and dispirited,
and to make matters worse, they face an army of
25,000 well-rested, well-equipped soldiers and armored
knights on horseback. Through a combination of cour-
age, strategy, and plain luck, they win one of history’s
most renowned battles, losing only 200 men while
inflicting more than 5,000 casualties on the enemy.
The short scene in which Henry delivers his
St. Crispin’s Day speech occurs just before the Battle
of Agincourt. Henry’s officers are understandably dis-
heartened and fearful of the coming battle, and Henry
must motivate them. That’s the purpose of his St. Crispin’s
Day speech.
Exercise Task
Read the transcript of the speech that your professor
will provide you. Then answer the following questions:
1.
What types of power does Henry exert in this
speech? Give specific examples of each type.
2.
It is interesting that Henry had been a notoriously
wayward youth before turning his life around and
living up to his royal responsibilities. In what ways
might knowledge of his past tend to increase or
decrease his referent power?
3.
In Shakespeare’s play, of course, Henry’s speech
inspires his soldiers to almost impossible victory.
You may or may not find it inspiring, but you
should be able to see why audiences have long
praised it as sufficiently stirring to account for
such an improbable achievement. What elements
of the speech do the most to make it inspirational?
If you find the speech inspiring, explain why. If
you don’t, explain why not.
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