Fuel-energy industry

URANIUM INDUSTRY
uranium ore mining and enrichment networks. Uranium ore is a natural mineral aggregate containing uranium and uranium compounds in economically feasible quantities . In nature, there are more than 150 minerals that contain uranium. Major uranium ore deposits are located in Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the PRC, the USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia, France, Gabon and Zaire.
uranium gives the amount of heat given by burning 2,500 tons of coal . Due to the very low uranium content of the ore, the uranium industry is mainly located close to raw material sources.
ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY
The electricity industry consists of networks for the production of electricity and its transmission to consumers.
This sector has a significant impact on the location of industry across the country or economic region. This effect occurs in two directions. The first direction is the transmission of electricity over long distances. This will allow the development of industry in all regions of the country. The second direction is to locate energy-intensive industries in areas that produce abundant and cheap electricity.
Industries that require a lot of electricity include the production of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, synthetic ammonia. It will consume 60,000 kWh for the production of one ton of titanium, 26,000 kWh for magnesium, and 20,000 kWh for aluminum production.
This means that if the main part of the cost of the product produced is energy costs, such production is called energy-intensive production.
Industries that require less electricity include ferrous metallurgy (other than electrometallurgy), soda and paper production, machinery, furniture, plywood, and textiles.
The following factors are taken into account when locating the power industry:
a) fuel and hydropower resources;
technical development in the production and transmission of electricity ;
c) consumer location.
The main feature of this network is that the production of electricity coincides with its consumption .
The low cost of energy produced is of great importance for the national economy or the economy of the economic region of the country. The cost of electricity depends on the cost of extracting and transporting the fuel used in the power plants. Therefore, the cost of transporting fuel and delivering electricity to the consumer is taken into account when selecting a site for the construction of power plants. If the cost of transporting the fuel exceeds the cost of transporting the electricity, the power plant will be built closer to the fuel source, and if the cost of transporting the energy is more expensive, it will be built closer to the consumer. In some cases, where electricity is in high demand, power plants are built to rely on imported fuel.
At present, the distance over which electricity can be transmitted is increasing year by year. The ability to transmit electricity over long distances makes it preferable to other types of fuel so puts. This allows you to:
- full and comprehensive use of local fuels;
- construction of large and powerful power plants ;
- the use of electricity in all sectors of the economy.
Electricity is generated in thermal power plants (TPPs ) , hydroelectric power stations (HPPs), thermal power plants ( TPPs), nuclear power plants (NPPs) and non-conventional power generation stations produced.
More than 70% of the world's electricity is generated by thermal power plants. They hit much faster and cheaper . Their capacity can be increased from 6 million kW .
The construction of thermal power plants will include electricity resources, production and transport conditions, construction costs and timing, as well as the operation of the station. Most thermal power plants generate heat as well as electricity . Such power plants are called thermal power plants (IEMs). In them, during the production of electricity, heated water is sent to the heating of greenhouses, buildings and for production needs. However, heated water can only be sent over a distance of up to 20 km, so IEMs are mainly built near industrial plants and in large cities. Russia is a world leader in this field.
Power generation at hydropower plants (HPPs) is based on the power of a continuous flow of water. That is why the electricity produced in them is recognized the price will be lower. Hydropower plants are a set of structures and equipment that convert water energy into electricity.
In the plains and foothills, the steady flow of water is mainly due to dams is done. The HPP building is located next to or inside the dam, in some cases below the dam . In mountain rivers, it is often generated by derivation hydropower plants is done. The HPP building will be located much lower than the dam, in some cases underground. The river flow is regulated by the construction of reservoirs for the full use of energy throughout the year. When large hydropower plants are built , river water is used for both transport and irrigation purposes , as well as for water supply. Such structures are called hydropower plants.
Hydropower plants will solve the problems of electricity generation, irrigation, water supply to farms and the population, the development of shipping and fisheries.
Hydroaccumulative power plants (GAES), a new type of HPP, are also under construction. They are built due to uneven use of electricity in power systems. GAES collects (accumulates) energy generated by other HPPs, using surplus electricity from systems built to pump water from the station to the basin above it (for example, at night). When the demand for electricity increases, the water in this basin is released, and due to the current flow, electricity is generated in GAES. is done.
cascade of several power plants in a single river . It creates the best opportunities for multiple uses of water resources. For example, there are 19 power plants on the Chirchi River and 12 on the Volga River . q hit.
of hydropower resources are in developing countries , but their utilization is low. The level of use of hydropower resources is very high in the United States, Russia and Norway. In Norway, 99.5% of electricity is generated by hydropower plants. Here, the bulk of hydropower plants (more than 200) are located underground.
About 20 percent of the world's electricity is generated by hydropower.
Nuclear power plants (NPPs) produce 15-17% of the world's electricity. NPPs are built where they do not have their own energy source and fuel is expensive, but electricity is in high demand. Its raw material is uranium.
Nuclear power plants are now being built in more than 30 countries . The first nuclear power plant was built in Russia ( Obninsk nuclear power plant ) . The United States, France, Japan, Germany, and Russia are leaders in generating electricity from nuclear power plants, and in France, more than 70 percent of electricity is generated by nuclear power plants.
Non-conventional power plants include solar power plants (QES), wind power plants (SHES), geothermal power plants (GeES), rising power plants (QES), offshore power plants (OES) and others.
BOOKS:
1. H.Vakhobov, M.Tillaboeva “Economic geography basics". Tashkent, 2001. Teacher Publishing House.
2. Khrushchev AT «Geography promqshlennosti» Moscow, 1980
3. ASSoliev « Economic and social of geography current issues ». Tashkent. 1995 _
4. « Uzbekistan economic and social geography » Nabihanov M, Safarov I, Asomov G. Tashkent 1994
5. AS Soliev « economic geography Basics » reports text .