Fuel-energy industry

OIL INDUSTRY
This industry has been a leader in the global energy industry since the middle of the twentieth century. Oil is very important in the national economy.
It produces a variety of fuels, a large number of chemicals, and surkov oils. After internal combustion engines began to squeeze out steam engines , gasoline, kerosene, and other petroleum products began to be produced, as well as when these products were used as motor and jet fuels, the importance of oil as a fuel greatly increased. The use of petroleum products for various branches of the chemical industry, especially for organic synthesis, has become of great importance.
Petroleum is not used as a raw material, as a result of refining, various fuels and new chemicals are obtained from it. Oil from oil refining is used as fuel in power plants. Oil production is on average 4 times cheaper than coal mining. The use of oil in various sectors of the economy can save a lot of money.
The body price of oil is not how deep it lies, but how big the field is, one drill how much oil can be extracted from the well is more affected.
The cheapest method of oil production is the fountain method, in which oil is pumped out of wells under the influence of oil and gas pressure. And as q t passes, the pressure gradually decreases and increases in different ways. The pressure is low or non-existent in places oil is extracted using pumps.
Oil is produced in about 80 countries around the world, but only 7 countries produce more than 100 million tons of oil a year: Russia, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Iran and China. Russia, the United States and Saudi Arabia are the world's leading oil producers.
The largest oil basins in the world are Western Siberia (Russia), Texas (USA), the Gulf of Mexico (USA, Mexico), the Persian Gulf (Iran and Arab countries), and the North Sea. But the bulk of oil reserves are in developing countries. This leads to the transportation of oil over long distances. Oil accounts for the bulk of the world's sea freight. Currently, the main oil routes are: from the Persian Gulf to Western Europe, from North Africa to Southern Europe, from Venezuela to North America, and from Russia to Eastern Europe.
In 1960, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was established to regulate the price of oil production and sales. The organization has 13 members: the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, Gabon, Algeria, Indonesia, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Ecuador.
oil industry is not only engaged in oil extraction , but also in its refining . Currently, oil refineries are being built closer to the consumer, as it is cheaper to transport oil than to transport various finished products.
GAS INDUSTRY
This branch of industry is mainly XX began to develop from the second half of the century. Natural gas is now mined in more than 60 countries around the world. However, only Russia, the United States, the Netherlands and Canada are the countries that produce 50 billion m3 of gas a year. The main feature of the gas industry is that it is used in the extracted state, i.e. it is rarely exported.
The gas industry consists of the extraction, processing and delivery of gas to consumers.
The cheapest type of gas fuel. Gas is used both in industry and in the livelihoods of the population . Gas is a fuel that does not emit smoke, it burns completely and does not emit pollutants into the atmosphere. Recognize gas extraction The price recognizes coal 10-12 times lower than the price. At present, gas is a cheap chemical raw material. Gas is delivered to consumers through pipelines or in liquefied form.