Фонемна структура кореневої морфеми в давньо-, середньо- та новоанглійський період

The majority of verb forms are active in meaning. The passive meaning is rendered through the combination of the verbs

• The majority of verb forms are active in meaning. The passive meaning is rendered through the combination of the verbs
• bēon (to be), wesan or weorðan (to become) + Participle II:
• Hīe wæron micle swiþor ʒebrocede on þæm þrīm ʒearum.
• (They were badly afflicted in these 3 years)

There was no category of Voice in OE. The only “passive” form (mediopassive) which existed in OE was the form of the verb hātan (to call, to be named).

• There was no category of Voice in OE. The only “passive” form (mediopassive) which existed in OE was the form of the verb hātan (to call, to be named).
• Þā ēa þe hātte Araxis (the river that is called Arax)
• Þā dēor hie hātaþ hrānas (the deer they called reindeer)
• One verb is not enough to speak about the category. The sentences with the verbs bēon, weorðan and Participle II were still free word-combinations and not yet analytical formations.
• They will become as such at the end of OE and beginning of ME, when the endings become reduced and the auxiliaries lose their lexical meaning.