A NEW PHASE: 1992–2008 211
pointment with developments in neighboring Uzbekistan, which they feared might
be replicated in Kyrgyzstan.
The parliamentary elections of February 27, 2005, triggered the final political
crisis. Pro- and anti-government parties contended against each other, and even
the civil service divided between the “old bureaucracy” comprised of Akaev sup-
porters and the “new bureaucracy” controlled by the president’s daughter, Bermet.
Akaev’s wavering exacerbated the situation.
In this crucial moment, as in 1990, the main catalyst for change arose in the
Kyrgyz part of the Ferghana Valley. What was later dubbed the “Kyrgyz mutiny”
began to unfold when allies of the losing candidates rioted against the local and
central authorities, shutting down roads and seizing administrative buildings. Such
riots broke out in Jalalabad, Osh, Naryn, Talas, and other regions. But the best
organized were the actions in the Ferghana Valley. At Jalalabad disparate slogans
about canceling the elections turned into calls for Akaev’s removal. On March 4,
2005, the crowd occupied the district governor’s office and declared that within the
entire province “Akaev’s power has come to an end!” An Eldik Kenesh (People’s
Council) was elected and a new governor appointed. In Osh events unfolded along
the same lines as in Jalalabad. In both of these key Ferghana centers the newly
elected governor was Uzbek by nationality. This fact immediately removed all
fears of an ethnic conflict between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the Ferghana Valley and
southern Kyrgyzstan generally.
On March 24, 2005, protesters at a rally in the capital city of Bishkek occupied
the house of government. Stores were vandalized
and mass looting broke out,
while opposition leaders tried vainly to reestablish order in the city. At a meeting
of the old parliament, Kurmanbek Bakiyev from Osh was appointed prime minister
and Feliks Kulov as head of all law enforcement agencies. Bakiyev and Kulov
promptly prorogued the old parliament and forced the new Jogorku Kenesh to go
to work, in spite of the corrupt elections by which its members had been chosen.
From their first steps, the two new leaders’ actions were suffused with Machiavel-
lianism. Indeed, the sudden fall of Akaev and the creation of a so-called tandem
between Bakiyev and Kulov revealed clearly that regionalism and clan politics
now prevailed in Kyrgyzstan.
From 2005 to 2009 Kyrgyzstan’s new rulers manipulated
public opinion as
needed to establish strict authoritarian rule.
14
In the end, the prolonged effort by
leaders and clans from the Ferghana Valley and the south generally to seize power,
rather than any movement for democracy, defined Kyrgyzstan’s political fate and
that of the Kyrgyz part of the Ferghana Valley.
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