ETeri gigauri emigraciidan dabrunebuli qalebi da maTi ojaxebi: status quo Tu genderuli cvlilebebi

damoukidebloba da Tavisuflebis SegrZneba. es cvlileba yvelaze mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda qalebisaTvis. qalebis umravlesoba kvlevis procesSi aRiarebs, rom damoukideblobis mopovebam yvela sferoSi, azrovnebidan da gadawyvetilebis miRebidan dawyebuli ekonomikuri damoukideblobiT damTavrebuli, maT cxovrebaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina. rogorc teqstis analizidan Cans damoukidebeli cxovrebis dawyeba qalebisaTvis sakmaod rTulia, Tumca saWiroa maTi Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. am cvlilebebma qalebi aiZula SeecvalaT Sexedulebebi cxovrebaze. Tumca dabrunebis Semdeg, es damoukidebloba ojaxis wevrebis mier, gansakuTrebiT qmrebis mier arc Tu ise dadebiTad aris aRqmuli da amitom qalebi cdiloben akontrolon sakuTari qcevebi. miRebuli masalis analizisas naTeli gaxda, rom im qalebma, (gamokiTxuli 3 qali) romlebic emigraciaSi wavidnen ara marto ekonomikuri mizezebis, aramed genderuli mizezebis gamoc, kerZod meuRlesTan uTanxmoebebis gamo, dabrunebis Semdeg ufro kargad gamoiyenes iq mopovebuli damoukidebloba da ekonomikuri gaZliereba. anu emigraciis Sedegebs qalis dabrunebis Semdeg, mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs aseve emigraciaSi gamzavrebis mizezebi. anu Tu ki qalis gamgzavreba emigraciaSi genderuli faqtorebiTac aris ganpirobebuli, Sedegebic genderul cvlilebebs gulisxmobs. erT-erTi gamokiTxukli qalis (ira, 41 wlis, norvegia) SemTxveva mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba danarCeni SemTxvevebisagan. rogorc am qalTan intervius msvlelobisas irkveva gamgzavrebis mizezi ZiriTadad qmrisagan Tavis daRweva iyo. Tumca, rogorc umravles SemTxvevaSi xdeba, am qalsac Tavdapirvelad surda ZiriTadad mainc ekonomikr mizezebze da mis Sedegebze esaubra. dabrunebis Semdeg SeZlo iq SeZenili gamocdileba, damoukidebloba da Tavdajerebuloba Tavis qmrisaTvisac daenaxvebina, rom SeeZlo damoukideblad mis gareSe cxovreba. dabrunebis Semdeg am qalis mniSvneloba da rolebi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala ojaxSi. rogorc masalis analizidan Cans es cvlilebebi ar momxdara qalis mxridan mkacri zomebis gatarebiT. es cvlilebebi ufro qalis azrovnebaSi momxdari cvlilebiT moxda. xSirad Tavad qalebic iseve damnaSaveebi arian sakuTari genderuli CagvraSi, rogorc mamakacebi, radgan eguebian mCagvrel mdgomareobas. Tumca amas qalebi xSirad ver acnobireben. xolo qalis emigraciaSi wasvliT da gaZlierebiT icvleba qalis azrovneba, mis Sexedulebebs, rasac gamgzavrebamde ver an ar amCnevdnen axla SesamCnevic aris da reagirebasac axdenen. dabrunebis Semdeg maT uCndebodaT protesti genderuli disbalansisadmi, romelic im garemoSi arsebobda, sadac TviTon trialebdnen.

me bunebiT aziati var, xolo norvegiaSi yofnisas davinaxe, rom qalsac SeuZlia xmis amoReba da imis Tqma, rom mec SemiZlia raRacis gakeTeba. iq yofnam momitana piradi damoukidebloba. exla raSi gamoviyene Cemi damoukidebloba. wasvlamde me da Cems qmars Zalian daZabuli urTierToba gvqonda. Camosvlis Semdeg me gamoviyene Cemi damoukidebloba da finansuri mdgomareoba da vaiZule Cemi qmari gamosworebuliyo. mivxvdi, rom ar unda Sevkvdomodi Cems qmars. davinaxe, rom saWiroa Sens cxovrebazec izruno. rom ar unda iyo mTeli cxovreba sxvisi mona.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)

qalebis umravlesoba emigraciis dadebiT mxared, sxva dadebiTi mxareebis gverdiT ganixilavs emigraciaSi maT gaZlirebas, (damoukidebloba, Tavdajerebuloba, gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZlebloba) imis miuxedavad, Tu ramdenad iyeneben am gaZlirebas isini konkretul qcevebSi da rolebSi.. isini dabrunebis Semdeg qmrebze iseve damokidebulebi (ara marto materialurad) ar arian, rogorc gamgzavrebamde iyvnen. xolo is qalebi, romlebic dabrunebis Semdeg saTanadod ver iyenebn emigraciaSi SeZenil damoukideblobas da Tavdajerebulobas, emigraciaSi gamgzavrebas mainc dadebiTad afaseben, radgan maT gaezardaT sakuTari Tavis da sakuTari SesaZleblobebis rwmena.

Cems mier dasmuli meore kvleviTi kiTxvidan Emigraciis Sedegad qalis gaZliereba, ramdenad aisaxeba dabrunebis Semdeg ojaxSi arsebul mis genderul rolebze da qcevebze? vgebulobT, rom qalis dabrunebis Semdeg emigraciaSi maTi gaZlireba (meti damoukidebloba, Tavdajerebuloba, TviTSefaseba) nawilobriv aisaxeba maT qcevebze da rolebze. Tumca rogorc miRebuli masalis analizidan Cans qalebs Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba dafiqsirda. kerZod, qalebis erTma nawilma SeZlo dabrunebis Semdeg gamoeyenebina emigraciaSi miRebuli gamocdileba ojaxSi genderuli disbalansis aRmosafxvrelad.

xo ai exla rogor aris iciT? me vfiqrob, rom Zveleburad. SeiZleba raRac doziT SeeCvia aRebul pasuxismgebloba, magram saojaxo saqme sme vasruleb ZiriTadad. weRanac giTxariT, rom adre Zalian daZabuli urTierToba gvqonda, Camosvlis Semdeg yvelanairad vecade, rom Cemi Tavi damecva da mona aRar vyofiliyavi. es albaT saojaxo saqmis Sesrulebazec aisaxa. ufro metad zrunavs Svilebze, adre saerTod ar ainteresebda saxlSi ra iyo saWiro, ra iyo gasakeTebeli. exla rom giTxraT, rom asi procentiT gamosworda mase ar aris magram, ra Sedarebaa raRaceebSi mexmareba.

xolo qalebis meore nawili kvlav igive mdgomareobas Seegua. kvlevis Sedegebidan amis mravali mizezi gamoikveTa. rogorc zemoT aRvniSne qalebi SeiZleba gaZlierdnen Sida da garegan doneze. qalTa Sida anu cnobier doneze gaZlireba aris procesi, rodesac qalebs uCndebaT sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari ganaTlebis, sakuTari unar-Cvevebis, sakuTari Zalebis da SesaZleblobebis rwmena. xdeba imis gacnobireba, rom genderi, iseve, rogorc sxva socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri Zalebi gavlenas axdenen masze. Tumca xSirad qali, romelic cnobier doneze gaZlierda uWirs es gaZliereba qcevebSi gamoxatos. anu erTia, rodesac acnobierebs qali sakuTar SesaZleblobebs da mCagvrel mdgomareobas da meorea, rogor iyenebs emigraciaSi gaZlierebas mdgomareobis Sesacvlelad. rogorc kvlevis masalidan Cans gamokiTxuli qalebis umravlesoba cnobier anu Sida doneze mniSvnelovnad gaZlierda. migraciul procesebSi CarTvis Sedegad yvelaze aSkarad da martivad SesamCnevi pirovnuli cvlilebebia emigraciidan dabrunebuli qalebis umravlesoba daaxloebiT erTi da imave cvlilebebze saubrobs, romlebic sakuTar TavSi aRmoaCina. Tumca qalebis mxolod erTma nawilma SeZlo emigraciaSi miRebuli gamocdilebis da gaZlirebis qcevebSi asaxva. amis mravali mizezi gamoikveTa. rac gamowveulia, rogorc qalebis, ise mamakacebis poziciiT. qalebi naklebad iyeneben emigraciaSi mopovebul damoukideblobas da Tavdajerebulobas, radgan ar surT mamakacebis gaRizianeba. isini sakuTar damoukideblobaze da gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZleblobaze saubrisas aRniSnavdnen, rom Znelia erTpirovnulad gadwyvito raime sakiTxi, rodesac ojaxis sxva wevrebTan erTad cxovrob. amiT TiTqos Tavs imarTlebdnen, radgan ar SeuZliaT gamoiyenon is damoukidebloba rac emigraciaSi miiRes. aseTi daskvna imitom gamovitane, rom maT ojaxebSi mamakacebis erTpirovnul mmarTvelobaze saubrisas aseTi pozicia da Sexeduleba ar daufiqsirebiaT, aseT mdgomareobas ZiriTadad qarTuli tradiciebiT xsnidnen. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac ojaxSi warmoiSva seriozuli rolTa konfliqtebi, imis gamo, rom ver xerxdeboda ojaxSi genderuli balansis damyareba. swored amis gamo qalebi ise iqcevian, rom es maTi qmrebisaTvis ar iyos gamaRizianebeli.

exla imis xasiaTidan gamomdinare iseTs arafers ar gadavwyvet, rom misTvis miuRebeli iyos.

(irina 34 wlis, moskovi)

emigraciaSi miRebuli gamocdileba aisaxeba aseve maT mier drois aRqmaSi. gamokiTxuli qalebis umravlesoba aRiarebs, rom emigraciaSi gamgzavrebamde dros @”udierad” epyroboda, xolo @”sazRvargareT yofnisas maT iawavles drois fasi.” rogorc es qalebi aRniSnaven isini metad punqtualurebi gaxdnen da dabrunebis Semdeg “maTi cxovreba reJimSi Cadga.” amas yovelTvis viZaxi yvelasTan, iq Zalian datvirTuli viyavi, gana aq ar viyavi datvirTuli, davdevdi bavSvebs aqeT-iqiT, saxlis saqme, magram iq ritmulad vcxovrobdi da vmuSaobdi. me saerTod miyvars reJimiT cxovreba. diliT, rom ici romelze unda adge, ra unda gaakeTo, samsaxurSi unda waxvide. am dros yvelafers aswreb, sadilsac, saxlis saqmesac da muSaobasac. anu am mxriv moskovSi Cems wasvlas dadebiTad vTvli.

aseve kvlevis Sedegebis analizisas gamoikveTa, rom dabrunebis Semdeg im qalebma ufro moaxerxes emigraciaSi miRebuli gamocdilebiT ojaxSi genderuli disbalansis aRmofxvra, romlebic Tvlidnen, rom emigraciaSi gamgzavrebamdec sakmaod damoukideblebi iyvnen. rodesac irwmuneben sakuTar Zalebs, qalebi metad motivirebulebi da mizandasaxulebi xdebian, vidre manamde iyvnen. gamokiTxulTa nawilma aRniSna, rom dabrunebis Semdeg am Tvisebebma gardamtexi roli iTamaSa movlenebis Semdgom ganviTarebisas.

saerTod vTvli, rom sxva Cem TanatolebTan SedarebiT metad damoukidebeli viyavi yovelTvis. magram mainc moskovSi me gadawyvetilebebis miReba CemiT viswavle, viswavle adamianebTan urTierToba. iqneba es ufrossTan Sesvla da dalaparakeba Tu sxva.

anu meore kvleviT kiTxvas, rom gavceT pasuxi emigraciaSi qalis gaZlireba nawilobriv mainc aisaxeba maT qcevebze da rolebze.

is varaudebi, rac kvlevis dasawyisSi mqonda nawilobriv gamarTlda. emigraciaSi gaZlirebiT qalebma dabrunebis Semdeg, nawilobriv mainc moaxerxes ojaxSi arsebuli genderuli disbalansis aRmofxvra.


daskvna

sabolood SemiZlia davaskvna, rom kvlevis Sedegad sakmaod saintereso da siRrmiseuli masala miviRe kvlevis TemasTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc davinaxeT kvleviT kiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT ra varaudebic mqonda nawilobriv gamarTlda da nawilobriv ara. anu SeuZlebelia erTmniSvnelovnad imis Tqma, rom es konkretuli socialuri movlena iwvevs sxva meore socialur cvlilebas.

marTalia emigraciaSi gatarebuli periodi did fsiqo-emocionalur gavlenas axdens emigrantebze, ris Sedegadac xdeba maTi mentaluri cvlilebebi, uyalibdebaT axali Sexedulebebi, magram samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg, es qalebi zogjer awydebian ojaxTan “SeuTavseblobis” problemas da iZulebulni xdebian daTmobaze wavidnen. erTi mxriv Tavad qalebzea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad SeZleben dabrunebis Semdeg gamoiyenon emigraciaSi SeZenili gamocdileba konkretul qcevebSi da rolebSi, Tumca calmxrivad es SeuZlebelia. Tu ki ojaxi (qmari), ar gamoiCens mzaobas transformirebuli ojaxis wevris misaRebad, mxolod qali verafers Secvlis.
Ggamoyenebuli literatura:

1. 
   anTelava l. 2002. genderuli problematika saqarTveloSi. qalTa
   

statusi da ojaxuri cxovrebis principi. Tbilisi

2. 
   vadaWkoria, a.g. 2004. gare migraciuli procesebi saqarTveloSi (1989-2002 wlebi). disertacia ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapovenlad. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia, demografiisa da sociologiuri kvlevis instituti. Tbilisi
   
3. 
   ZiZiguri. s. saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli SromiTi emigrantebis reintegracia. sadiplomo naSromi. Tbilisi 2008.
   
4. 
   wulaZe, l (2006) akademiuri wera. Tbilisi: socialur mecnierebaTa centri;
   
5. 
   zurabiSvili T. (2006) Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi. Tbilisi: socialur mecnierebaTa centri
   
6. 
   zurabiSvili, T. SromiTi emigracia daba TianeTidan: emigraciuli qselebis ganviTareba. disertacia socilur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
   
7. 
   Alexis J. Walker Handbook of Marrieage and the Family. Gender and Family Relationships. Plenum Press, NEY YORK and LONDON
   
8. 
   An Information Guide Booklet 5. Return and reintegration. Searchead 10.01.09. at www.Yahoo.com
   
9. 
   Conway D. Potter B. Caribbean Transnational Return Migrants as Agents of Gannge. Searched 10.01.09. at www.Yahoo.com
   
10. 
    Despina S. Dikaiou M. Kiosseglou G. 1999. Return Migration: Changing Roles of Man and Woman. IOM.Blackwell publishers.
    
11. 
    Douglas S. Arango J. Pellegrino A. Theories of International Migration:A Review and Appraisal.
    
12. 
    Ghosh J. 2009. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports , Research Paper eMigration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends Emerging Issues
    
13. 
    Hondagneu P.S OVERCOMING PATRIARCHAL CONSTREINTS: The Reconstraction of Gender Relations Among Mexican Immigrant Women and Men. Gender and Society, Vol 6, N 3
    
14. 
    Jolly S. BRIDGE development-gender. Gender and Migration. Searchead 15.07.08 at WWW.bridge.ids.ac.ukt
    
15. 
    John W. Creswell. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approuches. University of Nebraska, London.
    
16. 
    Martin S. (2007) Women, migration and development. Searchead 10.01.09 at www.yahoo.com
    
17. 
    Morokvasic M. (2007) migration, gender, empowerment. Searchead 10. 01.09 at www.yahoo.com
    
18. 
    Neuman L.W. (1994) Social Research Methods, Qualitative and Quanitative Approches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
    
19. 
    Oishi. N. (2002) Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach. University of California
    
20. 
    Oishi N. 2005 Women in Motion.Gglobalization, State policies and Labor Migration in Asia. Stanford university Press, Stanford, California pg.188
    
21. 
    Parrado E.A. Flipen C.A Migration and gender among Mexican Women.Aamerican Sociological Review. Vol. 70, No 4 (Aug. 2005).
    
22. 
    Pessar P.R. Expert Group Meeting on International migration and Development in Latin America and Caribean, Mexico City ( 30 november, 2005) Women gender and International Migration across and Beyond than Americans Inequalities and empowerment. Searchead 17.01.09 at www.un.org/esa/population/imigration/turin
    
23. 
    Spitzer D. Neufeld A. Harrison M. Hughes K. CAREGIVING IN TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXT, “My Wings Have Been Cut; Where Can I Fly.
    
24. 
    Sussman M.B. Steinmetz S.K. Handbook of Marrieage and the Family. Plenum Press NEW YORK AND LONDON
    
25. 
    WEISS R. S. LEARNING FROM STRANGERS THE ART AND METHOD OF QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW STUDIES. The Free Press
    
26. 
    Zentgarf K.m. Immigration and womens empowerment: Salvadorens in Los Angeles. Gender and Society. Vol. 16, No 5 (oct. 2002)
    

danarTi

sadiskusio gegma:

1. zogadi kiTxvebi:

1. 
   Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT Tqvens Sesaxeb ( ganaTleba, saqmianoba, asaki, qorwinebis statusi, Svilebis raodenoba, ojaxis wevrebis raodenoba da maTi saqmianobebi ) ?
   
2. 
   ratom da vin gadawyvita Tqveni emigraciaSi wasvla?
   
3. 
   ra iyo is mTavari mizezi ratomac Tqven gadawyviteT emigraciaSi wasvla?
   
4. 
   ra molodinebi gqondaT, rodesac emigraciaSi gadawyviteT wasvla? ratom?
   
5. 
   TqvenTvis visi azri iyo gadamwyveti, rodesac emigraciaSi wasvlaze fiqrobdiT? ratom?
   

6. 
   2. gamgzavreba:
   
7. 
   ram gansazRvra Tqveni am konkretul qveyanaSi emigracia? ratom?
   
8. 
   ramdeni xani iyaviT emigraciaSi?
   
9. 
   momiyeviT ra saqmianobebs asrulebdiT emigraciaSi yofnisas?
   
10. 
    emigraciaSi yofnisas axerxebdiT Tu ara saqarTveloSi darCenili ojaxisaTvis daxmarebis gawevas? (Tu ki)
    
11. 
    momyeviT rogor exmarebodiT TelavSi darCenil ojaxs? ramdenad xSirad?
    
12. 
    Tu SeiZleba miTxariT ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo Tqveni ojaxisaTvis Tqvens mier gaweuli daxmareba? ratom?
    
13. 
    rodesac emigraciaSi iyaviT visTan gqondaT xSiri urTierToba da ra saxis? ratom?
    
14. 
    ramdenad gamarTlda Tqveni is molodinebi, rac emigraciaSi wasvlisas gqondaT?
    
15. 
    rogor gaixsenebT ucxo qveyanaSi Seguebis pirvel periods? ra giZneldebodaT da ra giadvildebodaT? ratom?
    
16. 
    Tqveni azriT ra uaryofiTi Sedegebi mohyva Tqvens emigraciaSi yofnas? ratom fiqrobT ase?
    
17. 
    Tqveni azriT ra dadebiTi Sedegebi mohyva Tqvens emigraciaSi yofnas? ratom fiqrobT ase?
    
18. 
    rogor fiqrobT ra axali unarebi da gamocdileba SeiZineT emigraciaSi yofnisas?
    
19. 
    rogor fiqrobT garda axali unarebisa da gamocdilebisa, ra mogitanaT emigraciaSi wasvlam?
    
20. 
    rogor mofiqrobY emigraciaSi wasvlis Sedegad metad damoukideblebi gaxdiT Tu ara? ratom fiqrobT ase?
    
21. 
    raSi aisaxeba Tqveni meti damoukidebloba?
    
22. 
    rogor fiqrobT gaxdiT Tu ara meatad Tavdajerebuli da raSi aisaxeba es?
    
23. 
    Tqveni azriT gaizarda Tu ara Tqveni roli ojaxSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas? ratom?
    
24. 
    Tqveni azriT, Tqveni meuRle rogor afasebs Tqvens sazRvargareT gamgzavrebas?
    
25. 
    Tqveni azriT rogor afasebs Tqveni meuRle Tqvens met damoukideblobas, met Zalas gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas da met Tavdajerebulobas.
    

3. sazRvargareT gamgzavrebamde:

26. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT ras saqmianibdiT sanam sazRvargareT gaemgzavrebodiT samuSaod? (Tu muSaobda)
    
27. 
    ramdenad kmayofili iyaviT Tqveni samsaxuriT, anazRaurebiT? ratom?
    
28. 
    sanam gaemgzavrebodiT muSaobada Tu ara Tqveni meuRle? Tu ara, ratom?
    
29. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT Tqvens gamgzavrebamde ZiriTadad vin uzrunvelyofda ojaxs materialurad? ratom?
    
30. 
    emigraciaSi wasvlamde Tqvensa da Tqven qmars Soris rogor iyo saojaxo rolebi ganawilebuli? ratom?
    
31. 
    saojaxo saqmes ZiriTadad vin asrulebda? ratom?
    
32. 
    vin iyo ZiriTadad pasuxismgebeli bavSvebis movlaze? ratom?
    
33. 
    sazRvargareT gamgzavrebamde rogor SeafasebdiT Tqvens rols ojaxSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas? ratom?
    
34. 
    ZiriTadad vin iRebda ojaxSi finansur gadawyvetilebebs? ratom?
    
35. 
    Tqven gamgzavrebamde, rogor SeafasebdiT Tqveni da Tqveni meuRlis Zalauflebas ojaxSi? ratom?
    
36. 
    rogor fiqrobT gamgzavrebamde ramdenad iyaviT Tqvens meuRleze damokidebuli? ratom?
    
37. 
    rogor SeafasebT Tqveni da Tqveni meuRlis urTierTobas gamgzavrebamde? ratom?
    
38. 
    Tqveni azriT ramdenad samarTlianad iyo saojaxo rolebi ganawilebuli Tqvensa da Tqvens meuRles Soris? ratom?
    

4.Ddabruneba:

39. 
    momiyeviT ratom gadawyviteT emigraciidan dabruneba? ra faqtorebma
    

iqonia gavlena Tqvens gadawyvetilebaze? ratom

40. 
    ramdenad rTuli iyo am gadawyvetilebis miReba? ratom?
    
41. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT ras grZnobdiT, rodesac dabrundiT ojaxSi?
    
42. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT rogori iyo Tqveni ojaxis reaqcia Tqvens
    

dabrunebaze?

43. 
    momiyeviT ras saqmianobT sazRvargareTidan dabrunebis Semdeg?
    
44. 
    aris Tu ara im saqmianobebis msgavsi rasac sazRvargareT yofnisas asrulebdiT?
    
45. 
    Tqveni azriT ramdenad moaxdina gavlena Tqvenma emigraciaSi yofnam ojaxis struqturaze da urTierTobebze? ratom?
    
46. 
    rogor fiqrobT, Tqvens mier migraciaSi SeZenili axali unarebi, damoikidebloba da meti Tavdajerebuloba ramdenad aisaxeba Tqvens qcevebze da rolebze ojaxSi? ratom?
    
47. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT, Tqveni ar yofnis dros vin asrulebda ZiriTadad saojaxo saqmianobebs? Asrulebda Tu ara amas Tqveni meuRle? ratom?
    
48. 
    Tu SeiZleba momiyeviT axla dabrunebis Semdeg rogor aris ojaxSi saojaxo rolebi ganawilebuli Tqvensa da Tqven meuRles Soris?
    
49. 
    rogor fiqrobT gaizarda Tu ara Tqveni roli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas? ratom?
    
50. 
    axla dabrunebis Semdeg vin iRebs finansur gadawyvetilebebs? ratom?
    
51. 
    rogor fiqrobT dabrunebis Semdeg ramdenad gaizarda Tqveni statusi da mniSvneloba ojaxSi? ratom?
    
52. 
    rogor fiqrobT, Tqvens mier migraciaSi SeZenili axali unarebi, damoikidebloba da meti Tavdajerebuloba ramdenad aisaxeba Tqvens qcevebze da rolebze ojaxSi? ratom? (Tu ar aisaxeba)
    
53. 
    rogor fiqrobT ra giSliT xels amaSi? ratom?
    
54. 
    axla dabrunebis Semdeg, rogor SeafasebT emigraciaSi gamgzavrebas?
    

1 vadaWkoria, a.g. 2004. gare migraciuli procesebi saqarTveloSi (1989-2002 wlebi). disertacia ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapovenlad. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia, demografiisa da sociologiuri kvlevis instituti. Tbilisi

2 zurabiSvili, T. SromiTi emigracia daba TianeTidan: emigraciuli qselebis ganviTareba. disertacia socilur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad.

3 Massey, Douglas. et al. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A review and Appraisal. “Population and Development Review 19(3). Pp. 434.

4 zurabiSvili, T. SromiTi emigracia daba TianeTidan: emigraciuli qselebis ganviTareba. disertacia socilur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad.

5 Massey, Douglas. et al. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A review and Appraisal. “Population and Development Review 19(3). Pp. 436

6 ZiZiguri. s. saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli SromiTi emigrantebis reintegracia. sadiplomo naSromi. Tbilisi 2008.

7 Oishi N.2002. Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach. California. Pg. 1

8 Ghosh J. 2009. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports , Research Paper eMigration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends Emerging Issues

9 Oishi N.2002. Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach. California. Pg. 12

10 winamdebare naSromis farglebSi inglisurenovan literaturaSi arsebuli termini “empowerment” gadaTargmnilia rogorc “gaZliereba”. amasTanave, qalis gaZlierebaSi ar vgulisxmobT mxolod ekonomikur gaZlierebas, aramed aseve axali unareb-Cvenvebis SeZenas, damoukideblobas, TviTdajerebulobas.

11 The Link For Nurturing The Future Action Tool. Women’s Empowerment. Searchead 10.01.09 at www.yahoo.com

12 m. sayevaraSvili. 2005, sazRvargareT muSaobis mizniT migrirebulTa mdgomareobis Seswavla migraciamde, migraciis periodSi da samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg. CRRC. Tbilisi

13 Despina S. Dikaiou M. Kiosseglou G. 1999. Return Migration: Changing Roles of Man and Woman. IOM.Blackwell publishers.

14 SedarebiTi deprivacia (relative deprivation) aris termini, romelic asaxavs individis, ojaxis an socialuri jgufis mdgomareobas sxva individebis, ojaxebis, an socialuri jgufebis mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT. Sesabamisad, SedarebiTi deprivacia yovelTvis subieqtur xasiaTs atarebs da dakavSirebulia referentul jgufTan. referentuli jgufis Tvisebebi gadamwyvet rols asrulebs SedarebiTi deprivaciis gansazRvrisas..

15Jolly S. BRIDGE development-gender. Gender and Migration. Searchead 15.07.08 at WWW.bridge.ids.ac.ukt

16 Martin S. (2007) Women, migration and development. Searchead 10.01.09 at www.yahoo.com

17 Ghosh J. 2009. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports , Research Paper eMigration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends Emerging Issues

18 matrifoqaluri iseTi sazogadoebaa, sadac Ddeda aris ojaxis Tavi.

19 Ghosh J. 2009. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports , Research Paper eMigration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends Emerging Issues. pg.20

20 qalTa SromiTi emigraciis mraval dadebiT mxares Soris, erT-erT dadebiT mxared swored qalTa gaZlierebas miiCneven. xSirad gaZlierebaSi mxolod ekonomikur gaZlierebas moiazreben, magram es araswori midgomaa. ekonomikur gaZlirebaze ara naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba qalTa socialur, fsiqologiur da moralur gaZlirebas. winamdebare naSromis farglebSi inglisurenovan literaturaSi arsebuli termini “empowerment” gadaTargmnilia, rogorc “gaZliereba”. amasTanave, qalis gaZlierebaSi ar vgulisxmobT mxolod ekonomikur gaZlierebas, aramed aseve axali unareb-Cvevebis SeZenas, damoukideblobas, TviTdajerebulobas.

21 Conway D. Potter B. Caribbean Transnational Return Migrants as Agents of Gannge. Searched 10.01.09. at www.Yahoo.com pg. 638.

22 Conway D. Potter B. Caribbean Transnational Return Migrants as Agents of Gannge. Searched 10.01.09. at www.Yahoo.com

23 Oishi N. 2005 Women in Motion.Gglobalization, State policies and Labor Migration in Asia. Stanford university Press, Stanford, California pg.188

24 Martin S. (2007) Women, migration and development. Searchead 10.01.09 at www.yahoo.com

25 Alexis J. Walker Handbook of Marrieage and the Family. Gender and Family Relationships. Plenum Press, NEY YORK and LONDON pg.452

26 anTelava l. 2002. genderuli problematika saqarTveloSi. qalTa statusi da ojaxuri cxovrebis principi. Tbilisi

27 W. Lawrence Neuman. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston New York. pg.139.

28 zurabiSvili T. (2006) Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi. Tbilisi: socialur mecnierebaTa centri. Ggv. 16-17

29 WEISS R. S. LEARNING FROM STRANGERS THE ART AND METHOD OF QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW STUDIES. The Free Press pg.7

30iqve. Ggv. 17;

31 iqve. gv. 18;

32 sadiskusio gegmis sruli versia ixileT danarTSi.

33 W.Lawrence Neuman. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston New York. pg.440

34 iqve. gv.441.

35 John W. Creswell. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approuches. University of Nebraska, London. Pg. 191.

36 Tvisebrivi MmeTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevvaSi ar xdeba miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba.