ETeri gigauri emigraciidan dabrunebuli qalebi da maTi ojaxebi: status quo Tu genderuli cvlilebebi

kvleviTi kiTxvebi. L
kvleviTi kiTxva 1. migraciaSi ekonomikuri gaZliereba aZlevs Tu ara qals SesaZleblobas Secvalos ojaxSi arsebuli genderuli rolebi? Ggamgzavrebamde rogor iyo? Qqalis aryofnis dros rogor iyo?Aaxla rogor aris?
kvleviTi kiTxva 2. Emigraciis Sedegad qalis gaZliereba ramdenad aisaxeba ojaxSi arsebul mis genderul rolebze da qcevebze?
Cems sakvlev kiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT maqvs Semdegi hipoTezebi:
hipoTeza 1. migraciaSi qalis ekonomikuri gaZliereba, misi dabrunebis Semdeg savaraudod xels uwyobs ojaxSi qalis genderuli rolebis cvlilebas.
hipoTeza 2. qalis emigraciaSi wasvla da dabruneba iwvevs ojaxebis genderuli struqturis cvlilebebs, rac savaraudod gamowveulia qalis mier emigraciaSi yofnis dros miRebuli gamocdilebiT da misi gaZlierebiT.
Cems mier Segrovili masalis analizisas Sevecdebi, Cems mier dasmul kvleviT kiTxvebs pasuxi gavce.

kvlevis meTodologia da respondentTa SerCeva
kvleviTi meTodis aRwera
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, kvlevis Casatareblad gamoviyene Tvisebrivi meTodebis erT-erTi saxeoba - siRrmiseuli interviu. Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebis saSualebiT SevZeli Rrma da vrceli informaciis mopoveba. Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebisas mkvlevarebi eyrdnobian interpretaciul an kritikul socialur mecnierebas. am dros mkvlevarebi raodenobrivi mkvlevrebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar miyvebian sworxazovan kvleviT proeqts.²⁷

rogorc cnobilia, intervius meTodi informaciis Segrovebis erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul saSualebas warmoadgens. Tavisi struqturisa da kiTxvebis tipidan gamomdinare, interviu SeiZleba iyos struqturirebuli, nawilobriv struqturirebuli da arastruqturirebuli. “siRrmiseuli interviu, romelic Tvisebrivi kvlevis erT-erT savizito baraTs warmoadgens da Zalze gansxvavebuli tipia, ikavebs adgils struqturirebul da arastruqturirebul interviuebs Soris.” am meTods aerTianebs is garemoeba, rom is miznad isaxavs respondentisagan detaluri, Rrma da Tanmimdevruli informaciis miRebas misi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb. swored aseTi meTodis gamoyeneba damexmara CemTvis sasurveli informaciis mopovebaSi. imis gamo, rom siRrmiseuli intervius mizans warmoadgens Rrma da detaluri informaciis miReba sakvlev sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, intervius msvlelobaSi xSirad gamoiyene rogor? Dda ratom? kiTxvebi, ramac saSualeba momca mimeRo ufro Rrma da vrceli informacia.²⁸ L

robert vaisi siRrmiseul intervius ganixilavs, rogorc interviuersa da respondents Soris TanamSromlobis process, romlis drosac orive monawiles erTi mizani amoZravebT _ es aris axali informaciis warmoeba kvlevis TemasTan dakavSirebiT. siRrmiseuli intervius dros Cven viRebT infrormacias ara marto respondentis mier moyolili faqtebis da movlenebis Sesaxeb, aramed respondentis emociebis, misi fiqrebis da grZnobebis Sesaxeb. siRrmiseuli intervius saSualebiT mkvlevari iRebs informacias ara marto faqtebis Sesaxeb, aramed imis Sesaxebac Tu rogor axdens am faqtebis intrepretirebas Tavad respondenti. amgvari infrormaciis miReba Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebisas metad mniSvnelovania.²⁹ magaliTad, Cemi kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli masala Seicavs ara marto faqtebis da movlenebis Sesaxeb arsebul informacias, aramed respondentTa mier gakeTebul interpretaciebs, maT reaqciebs am faqtebis da movlenebis Sesaxeb da aseve nawilobriv analizsac.

siRrmiseuli interviuebis msvlelobisas srulad ar vakontrolebdi intervius msvlelobas, Cems respondentebs saSualeba miveci, rac SeiZleba Tavisuflad elaparakaT Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. Tumca, mainc intervius msvlelobaSi vuzrunvelyavi, rom respondentebis saubars ar gadaexvia Cems sakvlev Temas.³⁰

siRrmiseuli intervius Casatareblad mTavar instruments warmoadgens sadiskusio gegma. sadiskusio gegma Sedgeba im savaraudo kiTxvebisagan, romelTa meSveobiTac intervius msvlelobaSi miviRebT CvenTvis saintereso informacias. Aaseve, is saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom vakontroloT intervius procesi da ar gamovtovoT is sakiTxebi, rac metad mniSvnelovania sakvlev TemasTan dakavSirebiT. aseve, radganac siRrmiseuli interviuebis dros respondentebi ZiriTadad upasuxeben erTi da igive kiTxvebs, romlebic sadiskusio gegmaSia warmodgenili, mogvcems monacemebis damuSavebisas saSualebas raTa SevadaroT sxvadasxva intervius dros miRebuli informacia³¹.

siRrmiseuli intervius erT-erTi da mniSvnelovani Rirseba is aris, rom is saSualebas aZlevs mkvlevars da respondents uSualod intervius msvlelobisas ganaviTaron axali Temebi, romlebic metad mniSvnelovania kvlevisaTvis. EAamas ki is garemoeba uwyobs xels, rom sadiskusio gegma ar moiTxovs zusti TanmimdevrobiT davicvaT iq SemuSavebuli kiTxvebis Tanmimdevroba. Aamrigad, sadiskusio gegma moqnili da martivi instrumentia da mas kvlevis ganxorcielebisas umniSvnelovanesi roli eniWeba. Amitom, mis Sedgenisas gaviTvaliswine Cemi kvleviTi interesebi, kvleviTi kiTxvebi da kvlevis obieqtebi. iqidan gamomdinare, rom siRrmiseuli interviu ZiriTadad Ria kiTxvebze dayrdnobiT warimarTeba, sadiskusio gegma swored aseTi kiTxvebiT Sevadgine. emigraciidan dabrunebuli emigranti qalebis gamosakiTxad Sedgenili sadikusio gegma Sedgeba oTxi nawilisagan.Apirvel nawilSi warmodgenili kiTxvebi aris zogadi xasiaTis. am kiTxvebis saSualebiT gavige respondentTa demografiuli monacemebi. Semdeg nawilSi warmodgenili kiTxvebi miznad iasaxavda qalis mier emigraciaSi SeZenili gamocdilebis Seswavlas. mesame blokSi warmodgenili kiTxvebi damexmara TelavSi dabrunebuli qalebisagan gamego, Tu rogor iyo qalis wasvlamde qalTa da maTi ojaxebis mdgomareoba, arsebuli genderuli rolebis ganawileba da struqtura. xolo sadiskusio gegmis bolo nawilSi warmodgenili kiTxvebis saSualebiT gavigebT, Tu ra asaxva hpova qalis migraciulma gamocdilebam da gaZlierebam genderuli rolebis cvlilebaSi.³²

meTodologiis TvalsazrisiT aseve saintereso iyo kvleviTi statia, Immigration and women’s empowerment: Salvadorens in Los Angeles. sadac garda Teoriuli monacemebisa, romelic exeba migraciaSi qalis gaZlierebis sakiTxs, aseve kargad aris aRwerili dabrunebul migrant qalebTan Catarebuli kvlevis meTodologia, kerZod siRrmiseuli interviuebis relevanturoba. aseve kargad aris aRwerili respondentTa SerCeva. iseve, rogorc Cemi kvlevis SemTxvevaSi, aqac kvlevis obieqtebad SerCeul iyvnen dabrunebuli migranti qalebi da kvleva mxolod erT qalaqSi dabrunebuli migranti qalebis magaliTze Catarda. Aam kvleviTi statiidanac vigebT, rom Tvisebrivi meTodebis gamoyenebisas, arc respondentTa SerCeva da arc miRebuli Sedegebi ar aris reprezentatuli.

rac Seexeba miRebuli Sedegebis analizs, Tvisebrivi Sedegebis damuSavebisas saboloo mizani ar aris miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba, raodenobrivi meTodisagan gansxvavebiT, misi Sedegebi ar aris reprezentatuli da warmodgenilia Tvisebrivi monacemebis angariSis saxiT.

Tvisebrivi monacemebis analizi raodenobrivi monacemebis analizisagan ramodenime ZiriTadi midgomiT gansxvavdeba. kerZod, Tvisebrivi monacemebis analizi naklebad standartizebulia. Tvisebrivi mkvlevarebi SeiZleba eZebdnen raime kavSirebs, magram isini monacemebis analizs iwyeben ufro adre, kvlevis procesSi, rodesac xdeba monacemebis Segroveba. es mkvlevars exmareba Semdgomi monacemebis SegrovebaSi. anu, Tvisebrivi meTodis gamoyenebisas monacemebis analizi ar warmoadgens gamoyofil saboloo etaps. monacemebis analizi mimdinareobs kvlevis yvela etapze.³³ kidev erTi, rac ganasxvavebs Tvisebrivi monacemebis analizs raodenobrivi monacemebis analizisagan, aris socialur TeoriasTan urTierToba. raodenobrivi mkvlevarebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic ricxvebis saxiT warmoadgenen empiriul monacemebs, Tvisebrivi mkvlevarebi empiriuli monacemebis da abstraqtuli cnebebis SeerTebiT qmnian axal Teoriebs.³⁴Aaseve, ar arsebobs erTmniSvnelovnad gadawyvetili midgoma Tvisebrivi Sedegebis analizisadmi. Tvisebrivi analizi bevradaa damokidebuli mkvlevarze, Tumca mainc arsebobs ramdenime ZiriTadi midgoma Tvisebrivi teqsturi informaciis analizisadmi, romelic ramdenime etaps gulisxmobs. es etapebi gaviare aseve mec, Segrovili masalis analizisaTvis. 1. pirvel rigSi movamzade monacemebi Semdgomi analizisaTvis. anu gavakeTe Segrovili masalis transkripti. 2. wavikiTxe mTliani teqsturi masala imis gasarkvevead, Tu respondentebi ra ZiriTad informacias mawvdidnen. 3. Semdeg daviwye detaluri analizi, es gulisxmobs kodirebis process. kerZod, mTliani masalidan gamovyavi calkeul kategoriebSi msgavsi informaciis matarebeli winadadebebi, sityvebi. Tvisebrivi analizis saboloo mizania miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze Sesaswavli sakiTxis, an misi romelime nawilis tipologizacia. Anu, xdeba socialurad mniSvnelovani tipebis garkveuli klasifikacia. da analizis bolo etapi aris monacemebis interpretacia.³⁵ miRebuli Sedegebis analizisas respondentebis vinaoba anonimuria da maTi saxelebi Secvlilia.

swored zemoT CamoTvlili dadebiTi mxareebis da Rirsebebis gamo gadavwyvite, rom Cemi kvlevisaTvis gamomeyenebina siRrmiseuli interviu, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda garkveuli xasiaTis kanonzomirebis dadgena da garkveuli daskvnebis gakeTeba.

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, migraciidan dabrunebul qalebTan sul Cavatare 10 siRrmiseuli interviu. interviuebi Caviwere diqtofonze, rac damexmara Semdgom analizisas. TiToeuli interviu erT saaTamde gagrZelda.
respondentebis SerCeva.
radgan Cemi kvlevis Temas warmoadgens migraciaSi qalis gaZlierebis fenomeni da amiT gamowveuli genderuli rolebis cvlileba ojaxSi, romelic savaraudod qalis emigraciaSi wasvliT iwyeba, Cemi respondentebi iyvnen is qalebi, romlebic sazRvargareT gamgzavrebisas ukve iyvnen daojaxebulebi da yavdaT Svili/Svilebi. is migranti qalebi, romlebic sazRvargareT iyvnen 2-5 wlis manZilze da 2--4 welia, rac emigraciidan dabrundnen sakuTar ojaxebSi. sakvlevi obieqtebi iyvnen SromiTi emigraciidan dabrunebuli qalebi. Ppirveli da ZiriTadi mizezi ris gamoc kvlevis fokusireba moxda SromiT migrantebze, iyo is, rom sxva tipis migrantebisagan gansxvavebiT SromiTi migrantebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni mimRebi qveynis yoveldRiur da aqtiur cxovrebaSi. gansakuTrebiT qalebis SemTxvevaSi, maT uwevT cxovreba ojaxebSi rac, saSualebas aZlevT yoveldRiurad uyuron da gaecnon mimRebi qveynis tradiciebsa da wes_Cveulebebs. Ees upiratesoba maT aqvT, ltolvilebTan da studentebTan SedarebiT, imdenad ramdenadac, maT cxovreba uwevT erT Caketil sivrceSi ise, rom Sexeba ar aqvT mimRebi qveynis yoveldRiurobasTan. xolo meore mizezi, romelic SedarebiT umniSvneloa aris is, rom samSobloSi dabrunebul SromiT emigrantTa raodenoba gacilebiT didia vidre sxva tipis migraciidan dabrunebulTa raodenoba. respondentTa SerCevisas gamoviyene SerCevis Tovlis gundis meTodi. Tavad qalebi damexmarnen erTmaneTis moZebnaSi. Tumca unda aRvniSno, rom sakmaod gamiWirda dabrunebuli qalebis moZieba. radgan TelavSi dabrunebuli qalebis umravlesobam uari ganacxada kvlevaSi monawileobaze. maTi umravlesoba mizezad qmars asaxelebda. SerCevisas aucilebeli kriteriumi iyo is, rom dabrunebuli migaranti qalebi dReisaTvis iyvnen daojaxebulebi da hyavdeT Svili an Svilebi.

Qqalebis garda kvlevis obieqtebs kvlevis dawyebamde warmoadgenen aseve maT qmrebi, romlebic qalebis emigraciaSi yofnis periodSi TelavSi cxovrobdnen da ojaxs uvlidnen. magram, samwuxarod TelavSi dabrunebuli migranti qalebis qmrebTan ver moxerxda interviuebis Cawera, radgan gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo uari ganacxades kvlevaSi monawileobaze. gamokiTxuli qalebis asakia 30-50 weli. kvleva Catarda sul 10 qalTan. interviuebis Casatarebeli adgili SeirCa respondentebis survilis Sesabamisad da yvela interviu Catarda qalebis ojaxSi. kvleva Cavatare mxolod TelavSi dabrunebul emigrant qalebTan. gamoyenebuli kvleviTi meTodis da SerCevis meTodis gamo miRebuli Sedegebi ar iqneba reprezentatuli da ar movaxden maT ganzogadebas. ³⁶

kvlevis Sedegebi.

vin iyo wasuli?

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Cemi kvlevis farglebSi sul gamovkiTxe TelavSi mcxovrebi, emigraciidan dabrunebuli 10 qali. kvlevis Sedegebis warmodgenisas, ar vaxden ganzogadebas da saubari iqneba mxolod 10 Telavel qalze.

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma gviCvena, emigraciaSi sxvadasxva socialuri statusis, asakis, profesiis, ganaTlebis, ojaxuri mdgomareobisa da sxva pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis adamianebi midian. emigraciidan dabrunebuli aTi gamokiTxuli qalidan 5 qali aris umaRlesi ganaTlebis, xolo xuTi qali saSualo ganaTlebis. kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom mxolod sami qalia dasaqmebuli emigraciidan Camosvlis Semdeg. xolo, rac Seexeba wasvlamde arsebul situacias, gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba emigraciaSi gamgzavrebamde ar iyo dasaqmebuli da rogorc Tavad qalebi aRniSnaven, amanac iqonia mniSvnelovani gavlena maT gadawyvetilebaze.

sanam amerikaSi wavidodi viyavi Telavis universitetSi leqtori, xolo pirvel sajaro skolaSi maswavlebeli.

( nino, 50 wlis, amerika)

sanam sazRvargareT gavemgzavrebodi, vmuSaobdi Cemi profesiiT, stomatologad raionSi. is, rom Cemi profesiiT vmuSaobdi, Zalian msiamovnebda, magram anazRaureba mqonda Zalian mcire. amitom am mxriv ukmayofilo viyavi.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)
rogorc gamokiTxuli qalebi aRniSnavdnen, gamgzavrebamde maT ojaxebs erTpirovnulad arc Tavad arCendnen materialurad da arc maTi qmrebi, “ufro erToblivad.” zogierT maTgans ki mSoblebi da axloblebic exmarebodnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT gamgzavrebamde arc erTi qalis qmari ar arCenda ojaxs damoukideblad, mainc finansur gadawyvetilebebs mamakacebi iRebdnen.

xom giTxariT, yvelanair gadawyvetilebebs Cemi meuRle iRebda. maT Soris finansur gadawyvetilebebsac. ase iyo Tavidanve miCveuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanabari Semosavali gvqonda. Cems aRebul fulsac is ganagebda.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia

E

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)

emigraciaSi wasvla_ ZiriTadi mizezebi da gadawyvetilebis miReba
rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma gviCvena, qalebis umravlesobam damoukideblad gadawyvites emigraciaSi wasvla da mxolod amis Semdeg gauziares sakuTari gadawyvetileba ojaxis sxva wevrebs. Tumca, rogorc Tavad qalebi aRniSnavdnen, maTTvis qmris azric mniSvnelovani iyo da maTi azris winaaRmdeg ar wavidodnen. rogorc qalebi aRniSnavdnen, aseT gadawyvetilebamde mZime gaWirvebis, umuSevrobis da uimedoobis gamo mividnen. saberZneTSi wasvla me gadavwyvite, radgan meti gza ar mqonda darCenili. im dros Zalian gviWirda ekonomiurad, Tan didi vali gvqonda. erTaderTi gamosavali Cemi wasvla iyo. sxvanairad am vals ver moviSorebdiT. ra Tqma unda, Cemi ojaxis azri gaviTvaliswine da ise wavedi saberZneTSi.

(naTela, 45 wlis, saberZneTi)

mama myavs moskovSi da mec gadavwyvite iq wasvla. vifiqre, aq umuSevrad jdomas, waval iq da cota fuls gavakeTeb meTqi. aq ver viSove veranairi samsaxuri exla. adre arc mifiqria iq wasvlaze, radgan bavSvebi patarebi myavdnen. exla kide, rom gaizardnen da meti moTxovnilebebic gauCndaT, saWirod CavTvale Cemi wasvla. es varianti iyi, rom moskovSi wavsuliyavi. sxvagan ufro ver wavidodi. mere Cem meuRles gavande Cemi gadawyvetileba da gadavwyviteT, rom moskovSi wavsuliyavi samuSaod. xo xedavda, rom marto magis xelfasi ar iyo sakmarisi.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi).

Zalian gagviWirda rasac qvia, ukanasknelad rasac qvia. kapikebs davdevdiT, didi vali dagvedo, Tan vifiqre cota raRaca Sevmato saxls vifiqre. magitom gadavdgi es nabiji. seriozuli gaWirveba gvqonda Tore namdvilad ar wavidodi. gana iq advilia samuSos Sovna, anazRaurebac ar aris. Cemi wasvla Cemi gadawyvetileba iyo. mere davelaparake Cems qmras, Cems mSoblebs. Zalian ar undodaT Cems mSoblebs ro wavsuliyavi. Cems qmars SevuTanxmdi, me uimisod ver wavidodi. Tanxmoba miviRe misgan, Tu ki uars metyoda fexs ar gavadgavdi da davrCebodi.

(lia, 30 wlis TurqeTi).

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom gamokiTxulma samma qalma intervius procesSi daasaxeles aseve sxva mizezebic, ris gamoc wavidnen emigraciaSi. Tavidan am mizezebis gacnobiereba Tavadac uWirdaT. kerZod, es qalebi ojaxSi arsebul mdgomareobas gaeqcnen. erT-erTi maTganis gamgzavrebis mizezi ZiriTadad qmarTan uTanxmoeba iyo da surda Tavi daeRwia am mdgomareobisaTvis da qmrisaTvis sakuTari SesaZleblobebi daenaxvebina, Tumca am mizezis dasaxeleba Tavidanve gauWirda. Cemi wasvlis mizezi norvegiaSi cota sxvanairia sxva qalebis wasvlis mizezisagan. imitom gadavwyvite norvegiaSi wasvla, rom miTxres iq SevZlebdi Cemi profesiiT, stomatologad muSaobas da Tan kvalifikaciis amaRlebas. es gadawyvetileba Cems meuRlesTan erTad miviRe. magram iluziaa is, rom Sen SeZleb ucxo qveyanaSi Seni profesiiT muSaobas. amisaTvis saWiroa ena icode, iyo im qveynis moqalaqe. faqtiurad wasvlis Semdeg motyuebuli aRmovCndi da momiwia ara Cemi profesiiT muSaoba. Tanac simarTle, rom giTxraT mTavari mizezi garda am mizezisa... kide imito gadavwyvite wasvla, rom im periodSi me da Cems qmars Zalian mZime urTierToba gvqonda. faqtiurad mona viyavi, upretenziod mivdevdi yvelaferSi. magram mere daviRale, mindoda damenaxvebina iq wasvliT, rom mec SemiZlia raRac, SemiZlia uimisod cxovreba.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)

me Zalian miyvars exla Cemi qalaqi Telavi, magram CemTvis albaT saWiro iyo im periodSi sadme sxva qveyanaSi wasvla. ganvitvirTve, raRacnairad davmSviddi. vgrZnobdi, rom ukve aRar SemeZlo aq yofna, gana Cem qmarTan cudad var magram mainc... sityvebiT ver gadmogcemT ra.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi)

emigraciaSi gamgzavrebisas yvela adamians aqvs Tavis molodinebi, ras miaRweven, ris gakeTebas SeZleben da a. S. aseTive mdgomareoba iyo Cemi respondentebis SemTxvevaSic. maTi molodinebi gamgzavrebis mizezebTan mWidro kavSirSi iyo. kerZod maT hqondaT mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamosworebis molodinebi. aseve minda aRvniSno is faqti, rom im qalebmac, romelTa gamgzavrebac mxolod ekonomikuri mizezebiT ar iyo gamowveuli, materialuri mdgomareobis gamosworeba daasaxeles mTavar molodinad. aseve, TiTqmis yvela qals wasvlis win gacnobierebuli hqondaT, rom ojaxisagan moSorebiT yofna sakmaod gauWirdebodaT da arc gamdidrebis imedi ar hqondaT. Cemi molodini ZiriTadad iyo, rom Cemi profesiiT memuSava da amiT meSova fuli.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)

wasvlis win vicodi, rom advili ar iqneboda ucxo qveyanaSi cxovreba, ojaxisagan daSoreba. magram molodini mqonda, rom es yvelaferi Sedegs gamoiRebda da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba gamiumjobesdeboda.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi)

nu exla wasvlisas vfiqrobdi, rom iq unda memeuSava. ra Tqma unda, es Cveni ojaxis ekonomikur mdgomareobas mTlianad ver Secvlida, magram mniSvnelovan daxmarebas mainc gavuwevdi. aseve avanazRaurebdi Cemi wasvlis xarjebs.

(nino, 50 wlis, amerika)

ra vici, vicodi rom es advili ar iqneboda, miTumetes CemTvis. me ar var iseTi adamiani, romelic yvelafers advilad egueba da eCveva. Zalian bevrsac vfiqrobdi, magram gadavwyvite, rom es nabiji gadamedga.

(maia, 50 wlis, TurqeTi).

is molodinebi, rac qalebs wasvlis win hqondaT, zogisaTvis gamarTlda, zogisTvis ara. magram unda iTqvas, rom ZiriTadad im miznebs, rac gamgzavrebamde hqondaT, nawilobriv mainc miaRwies. es molodinebi ZiriTadad exeboda materialuri mdgomareobis gamosworebas. erT-erTi gamokiTxuli qalis pozicia odnav gansxvavebulia am mxriv. emigraciaSi gamgzavrebisas, mas aseve hqonda sakuTari Tavis gamocdis survili, rac misi azriT, savsebiT gamarTlda, radgan ucxo qveyanaSi SeZlo damoukideblad cxovreba. rogor giTxraT exla, wasvlis win ra molodinebi da ra survilebic mqonda nawilobriv gamarTlda. Cemi mizani iyo ojaxis materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. aseve mindoda Cemi Tavis gamocda, rogor SevZlebdi ucxo qveyanaSi damoukideblad cxovrebas da muSaobas. am mxriv Cemi molodinebi gamarTlda, radgan vTvli, rom arc ise cudad gavarTvi Tavi sxva qveyanaSi cxovrebas. aRmoCnda, rom sakmaod gabeduli da damoukidebeli adamiani var. xolo is, rom ojaxis materialuri mdgomareobis gamosworeba ver movaxerxe, Cemi bralia. rom gameZlo da met xans davrCeniliyavi, ukeTesi iqneboda. magram me Camosvla gadavwvite, radagan Svilebis gareSe ver gavZeli did xans. (maka, 34 wlis) is molodinebi, rac amerikaSi wasvlis win mqonda, savsebiT gamarTlda. Tavdapirvelad Cemi molodini mainc da mainc fulis Sovna ar iyo, magram mainc gamarTlda, radgan iq aRebuli xelfasiT saqrTveloSi darCenil ojaxs mniSvnelovnad vexmarebodi. wasvlis win ra mizanic mqonda, imaze meti Semisrulda. me vfiqrobdi, rom gzis xarjebi mainc damefara. me kide gzis xarjebic davfare da ojaxsac davexmare.

(nino, 50 wlis, amerika)

gamokiTxuli qalebi emigraciaSi Semdeg qveynebSi iyvnen: TurqeTi, saberZneTi, italia, amerikis Seertebuli Statebi, ruseTi da norvegia. qalebma is qveynebi airCies gasamgzavreblad, sadac axloblebi egulebodnen da mgzavrobis xarjebic SedarebiT naklebi iyo.

amerikaSi imito wavedi, rom Cemi gogona iq swavlobda da mowveva movmivida iqidan.

(nino, 50 wlis, amerika).

TurqeTSi imito wavedi, ro iq imdeni fuli ar sWirdeba bileTs. ki mindoda saberZneTSi, italiaSi, magram iq wasasvlelad namdvilad ver movaquCebdi oTxi aTas evros. me valisa meSinia. TurqeTSi imitom wavedi ro iafi dajda wasvla.

(lia, 30 wlis, TurqeTi).

imito wavedi saberZneTSi, rom iq Cemi debi da naTesavebi iyvnen da damexmarnen yvelanairad. samuSaos SovnaSi, saxlis SovnaSi da magito ra.

(manana, 45 wlis, saberZneTi)

rogorc qalTa SromiT emigraciaze arsebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, qalebis umravlesoba mimReb qveyanaSi ZiriTadad ojaxebSi momvlelebad da ZiZebad muSaobs. aseTive monacemebi miviRe Cemi kvlevis Sedegad. gamokiTxuli qalebis umravlesoba mimReb qveynebSi muSaobdnen momvlelebad da ZiZebad. Tumca, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebic iyo. qalebma wasvlis win icodnen, ra samuSaos Sesrulebac mouwevdaT da isic icodnen, rom es ar ise advili ar iqneboda. Magram, rogorc es qalebi aRniSnavdnen, ojaxs Tu ki gauWirdeboda uaresebsac aitandnen. weliwadnaxevris ganmavlobaSi vmuSaobdi ojaxSi, sadac mTlianad paralizebul qals vuvlidi.

(maia, 50 wlis, TurqeTi)

moskovSi vmuSaobdi qalTa tansacmlis maRaziaSi gamyidvelad. damatebiTi anazRaurebis gamo Ramec vmuSaobdi imave maRaziaSi. tansacmlis axali partiebi rom modioda, vafasovebdi, vauTovebdi da manekenebs vacmevdi. amaSi, ra Tqma unda, damatebiTi anazRaureba mqonda.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi)

ra saqmianobas vasrulebdi, xnieri qalbatoni myavda, vuvlidi, vasufTavebdi, saxls vuvlidi, purs vacxobdi. iq patara danadgariviT iyo da iq vacxobdi purs. saojaxo saqmes ZiriTadSi da im xnier qalbatons vuvlidi.

(lia, 30 wlis, TurqeTi)

am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi, ramdenime samsaxuri gamovicvale. magram ZiriTadad mainc momvlelad vmuSaobdi. xan BbavSvis momvlelad da xan moxucis. minda giTxraT, rom es samuSao sakmaod mZimea da did energias da nebisyofas moiTxovs. magaram me wasvlisas ukve vicodi ra meloda iq. ojaxs Tu gauWirda, uaresis gaZlebac ki SemiZlia.

(maka, 34 wlis, italia)

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Cems mier gamokiTxuli qalebis umravlesoba emigraciaSi ojaxebis dasaxmareblad wavida. sainteresoa, moaxerxes Tu ara, Telavidan wasulma qalebma dasaxuli miznis miRweva da ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo maT mier gaweuli daxmareba. intervius msvlelobisas qalebi aRniSnavdnen, rom maT mier gamogzavnili fuli ar iyo bevri, magram Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo maTi ojaxebisaTvis. ZiriTadi saarsebo saSualeba maTi ojaxebisaTvis swored es fuli iyo. es qalebi yvelanairad cdilobdnen yovelTviurad gaegzavnaT ojaxebSi fuli. TiTqos am daxmarebiT cdilobdnen ojaxSi maTi aryofnis kompensirebas. ra Tqma unda, yovel xelfasze ojaxSi fuls vagzavnidi. exla imxela ar mqonda xelfasi, rom bevri gamomegzavna. magram rasac vagzavnidi, isic mniSvnelovani daxmareba iyo. Tan maSin dolaris kursic sakmaod maRali iyo. garda TelavSi darCeni ojaxisa, vexmarebodi aseve amerikaSi myof Cems Svils. Cems mier gamogzavnili fuli mniSvnelovan daxmarebas warmoadgenda. im droisaTvis sakmaod dabali iyo xelfasebi.

(nino, 50 wlis, amerika)

ra Tqma unda, Cemi wasvlis mizani ojaxis daxmareba iyo. rogori Semosavalic ar unda mqonoda, mis did nawils TelavSi, ojaxSi vagzavnidi.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi)

emigraciaSi wasuli adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovania sxva adamianebTan urTierToba, es maT ucxo qveyanaSi yofnas uadvilebT. adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan urTierTobiT ki bevr axal rames swavloben da akvirdebian. rogorc gamokiTxuli qalebi aRniSnavdnen, maTTvis mniSvnelovani iyo sxvebTan urTierToba, ikribebodnen qalebi da Tavis gasaWirze saubrobdnen xolme. rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, emigraciaSi myof qalebs urTierToba hqondaT rogorc sxva “Casul” qalebTan, ise adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan. adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan ZiriTadad mimRebi ojaxis saSualebiT urTierTobdnen. Tumca, iyvnen iseTi qalebic, romlebic saerTod aravisTan kontaqtobdnen. Sen warmoidgine, am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi me aravisTan aranairi urTierToba ar mqonia, am periodis ganmavlobaSi me viyavi ojaxSi. mTeli 6 Tve daJe gareT ar gavsulvar.

(maia, 50 wlis, TurqeTi)

iq yofnisas urTierToba ZiriTadad norvegielebTan mqonda. xom amboben, rom skandinaviis qveynebis xalxi ar aris kargi, ase ar aris. Tu migiRes, Tu normaluri adamiani, xar zed gadmogyvebian. me piradad norvegielebTan Zalian kargi da axlo urTierToba mqonda. aseve vurTierTobdi iq myof qarTvelebTan.

(ira, 41 wlis, norvegia)

moskovSi yofnisas urTierToba mqonda rogorc rusebTan, ise qarTvelebTan, mamaCemis megobrebTan. teritoriulad sadac vmuSaobdi, iqve muSaobda mamaCemic. im teritoriaze bevri qarTveli iyo. is teritoria internacionaluri iyo da bevri qarTveli muSaobda. davmegobrdi bevr qarTvel gogosTan. vurTierTobdi aseve rusebTan, im maRaziaSi, sadac me vmuSaobdi Cem garda yvela rusi gogo iyo da imaTTanac vmegobrobdi.

(irina, 34 wlis, moskovi)