[Environment] Chief Editor Iftikhar A. Raja comsats institute of Information Technology Abbottabad (Pakistan)

ABSTRACT

Utilizing a plant–microbe partnership is now being recognized as an important tool to enhance successful phytoremediaton of metal-contaminated sites. Seedlings of three Vigna radiata species (Ramazan, NM-92 and NM-98) were investigated for their nickel tolerance with and without bacterial inoculation. A highly Nickel (Ni) resistant gram negative coccus MB239 was selected for inoculation purpose. Various growth attributes (germination, shoot, root and seedling length, fresh and dry weight, vigor index, dry matter accumulation photosynthetic pigments, Enzymes (catalse and peroxidase), phytohormones, reducing sugars, total cell proteins and nickel accumulation level were determined at different nickel concentrations (0, 100 and 200 µg/ml). Nickel induced a significant reduction in root growth, vigor and dry matter accumulation (p<0.05). However, nickel resistant bacteria increased physiological and biochemical growth parameters of all the green grams varieties growing with and without nickel. NM-98 showed more pronounced synergistic relation with nickel resistant bacteria. Thus, synergistic use of bacteria could be a novel approach for improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils.
DAF-01

DARK CHOCOLATE: A Food of Life?
Sami Ullah Khan, Abdul Qayyum*, Salahudin**, Izharullah***, Mahmood Akhtar Kayani**** and Faraz Arshad Malik****

Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation

*Government Degree College, Serai Naurang Pakistan

**Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan

***Department of Pharmacy, Malakand University, Pakistan

****Department of Biosciences, CIIT, Islamabad Pakistan

[e-mail]

ABSTRACT

In this present review, it was aimed to study the connection of dark chocolate and different phases of angiogenesis resulting in cancer pathogenesis. Dark chocolate is derived from cocoa (cacao), may have speckled polyphenol and flavonoids contents retains different levels of antioxidant abilities. The existence of methylxanthines, peptides and polyphenols like flavonoids may synergistically augment or diminish antioxidant properties of dark chocolate (cocoa). The Dark chocolate has certain capacity to famish tumors development and fighting against angiogenesis.
DAF-04

VEGETABLES FORCING AS AFFECTED BY SUDDEN WEATHER CHANGES: CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS
Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi¹, Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez¹, Nasir Nadeem¹,

Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana¹ and Iqrar A. Khan*

¹ UAF Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari,

* University of Agriculture Faisalabad

[e-mail], [e-mail]
ABSTRACT

Vegetable forcing is a common technique of this era has been widely used by the farmers for early season to out of season vegetable production. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is the most used form of vegetable forcing and used for a number of summer vegetables including cucumber, tomatoes, aborigine , sweet and hot peppers, squashes and melons on a variable scale. This study was conducted in 12 districts of Punjab including Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Khanewal, Vehari, Bahawal Nagar, Sahiwal, Okara, Nankana Sahib, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha. A total of 73 farmers with small, medium and large level tunnel farming were visited in the areas above mentioned. The respondents (farmers) were asked several questions about their history in tunnel farming, production indices, cost benefit ratio, problems faced by the growers and tangibly possible solutions regarding their problems. As a matter of serious concern; 53.4% complained upon fake fertilizer supplies particularly DAP, whereas, 52.1% of the respondents showed very serious concern regarding abrupt weather changes. The phenomena of global warming was reflected by even those farmers, who did not know about it. The sudden weather changes proved to be lethal during last cropping season as hail storms annihilated off season vegetables throughout the district of Pak Pattan and casted severe losses in the rest of the Punjab Province.

DAF-06

POSSIBILE USES OF ALLELOPATHY IN WEED CONTROL IN ORGANIC FARMING IN TURKEY
Ahmet Uludag¹ İlhan Urmis², Mine Rusen³ and Nihat Turssun^4
1 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Çanakkale

² Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Hatay

³ Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitütsü, Yalova

⁴ İnönü Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Malatya

ABSTRACT
Weeds are one of the main obstacles in organic farming as well as other farming systems. In the most agricultural systems such as conventional farming, herbicides are the main tool to solve weed problems in spite of problems bearing from excess use of chemicals. Organic farmers rely on mechanical techniques which include tillage that can make soil open to erosion if it becomes only technique to be used. Allelopathy is both inhibitory and stimulatory biochemical interactions between plants. Allelopathic relations have been used to establish proper farming systems, control directly weeds and other pests, and develop chemicals less harmful to environment. There have been researches on alleopathy in Turkey since 1980’s. However, it is not easy to say that results of these studies have had a chance to be implemented. Allelopathy studies in Turkey can be integrated with organic agriculture; but, research and implementation needs elaborated.

Urbanization and Built Environment

EBE-02

PUBLIC LIBRARY: ARCHITECTURE, URBAN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ahmad Riaz

University of Engineering & Technology Lahore

[e-mail]