English Words

Aphasia
Impairment or loss of the ability to use language caused by damage to
the areas of the brain that handle language.
Articulators
Parts of the lips, tongue and throat that play a role in the production of
a sound in speech.
Aspect
A grammatical marking in the verb that indicates whether the action or
state denoted by a verb is still in progress or completed.
Assimiliation
The adjustment in the way a sound is made so that it becomes similar
to some other sound or sounds near it.
Asterisk
(*) A linguistic form is asterisked (i.e. ‘starred’) to show that it is not
allowed.
Back-formation
Word-formation involving the dropping of a peripheral part of a word
which is wrongly analysed as a suffix, e.g. 
lazy,
(Adj.) →
laze (Verb)
.
Base
Any form to which affixes are appended in word-formation 
see also
Root
and 
Stem.
Base form
see
Underlying form
.
Bilabial
A phonetic term for sounds like 
m, b, p
which are made with the two
lips.
Blend
A word formed by joining together chunks of two pre-existing words,
e.g. 
channel+tunnel→chunnel
.
Borrowing
Adoption of linguistic elements, such as morphemes or words of another
language, e.g. English borrowed the word 
malaria
from Italian.
Bound morpheme
A morpheme which is always appended to some other item because it
is incapable of being used on its own as a word, e.g. 
-ing
in 
coming
.
Broca’s area
The lower part of the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for speech.
Calque
see
Loan translation
Case
Marking used to indicate the grammatical function of a nominal word,
i.e. a noun, pronoun or adjective as in 
she/her
and 
he/him
in 
She saw
him
vs. 
He saw her
.
Cliché
A hackneyed expression, e.g. 
at this point in time; that remains to be
seen; in any shape or form; in this day and age
.