English literature the book is designed to acquaint students with the main outlines

Pamphlet (памфлет, брошюра ) - a book of a few sheets of print, co m m o n ly satirical and with a paper cover.
Pastoral (қишлоқ ҳаётига бағишланган шеър)- а conventional form of lyric poetry presenting an idealized picture of rural life.


Prologue (пролог, муқаддима) - a section preceding the main body of a work and serving as an introduction.


Protagonist (acap қаҳрамони, п ерсон аж )-the leading character or hero in a literary work.


Rationalism - a philosophy that emphasized the role of reason rather than of sensory experience and faith in answering basic questions of human existence. It was most influential during the Age of Reason (1660-1780).


Realism (реализм) in literature is showing of real life, facts, etc. in a true way, omitting nothing that is ugly or painful, and idealizing nothing.


Renaissance ( уйгониш даври) - a time of cultural devel­ opment in Europe between the 14lh and early 17th centuries.


Restoration (реставрация, қайта тикланиш) - the pe­ riod of re-establishment of monarchy in 1660.


Romanticism (романтизм)- a literary movement which came into being in English literature at the beginning ofthe 19th century. Imagination and emotion played a leading role in the works of the representatives of this trend. Unlike realisn, it tends to portray the uncommon. The material selected tends to deal with extraordinary people in unusual setting having unusual ex­ periences.


Satire (сатира) - use of ridicule, irony, sarcasm in writing or speech for the purpose of exposing some moral or social vice.


Science fiction (илмий фантастика)- a fictional literary
work that uses scientific and technological facts and hypotheses as a basis for stories about such subjects as extraterrestrial beings, adventures in the future or on other planets, and travel through time. Science fiction is a form of fantasy.


Sentimentalism (сентиментализм) - a literary movement of the second half of the 18th century, which marked a new stage in the evolution of the Enlightenment. The term is taken from the French word “sentiment” which means “feeling”. Sentimentalists paid much attention to the description of the inner world of the characters, they believed in innate virtue of man and his ability of moral improvement. They considered that civilization was harmful to humanity, that man should live close to nature and be free from the corrupting influence of town life.


Sonnet (сонет) is a poem of 14 lines divided into two quatrains ( 4-line groups) and two terzcts (3-line groups). It was brought to perfection by the great Italian poet Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374). During the period of Renaissance sonnets in English Literature were written by Wyatt, Surrey and Shakespeare. Among the foremost English masters of the sonnet during later centuries, are John Milton, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Gabriel Rosetty, Algernon Charles Sw inbume and Oscar Wilde.