Proverbs
We never know the value of water till the well is dry.
You can take the horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.
Those who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
Even these few examples show that proverbs are different from phraseological units.
the first distinctive feature that strikes one is the obvious structural dissimilarity.
Phraseological units, as we have seen, are a kind of ready-made blocks which fit into
the structure of a sentence performing a certain syntactical function, more or less as
words do.
Proverbs if viewed in their structural aspect, are sentences.
If one compares them in the semantic aspect, the difference seems to become even
more obvious. Proverbs may be compared with minute fables for, like the latter, they
sum up the collective experience of the community. They moralize (Hell is paved with
good intentions), give advice (Don’t judge a tree by its bark), give warning (If you sing
before breakfast, you will cry before night), admonish (Liars should have good
memories), criticize (Everyone calls his won geese swans).
No phraseological unit does any of these things. They do not stand for whole
statement as proverbs do but for a single concept. Their function in speech is purely
nominative (i.e. they denote an object, an act, etc.). The function of proverbs is
communicative (i.e. they impart certain information).
The question whether or not proverbs should be regarded as a subtype of
phraseological units and studied together with phraseology of a language is a
controversial one. Prof. Coonin labels them as communicative phraseological units.
There does not seem to exist any rigid or permanent border-line between proverbs
and phraseological units as the latter rather frequently originate from the former.
So, the phraseological unit the last straw originated from the proverb The last straw
breaks the the camel’s back, the phraseological unit birds of a feather from the proverb
birds of a feather flock together, the phraseological unit to catch at a straw (straws) from
a drawning man catches straws.
What is more, some of the proverbs a re easily transformed into phraseological units.
E.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket > to put all one’s eggs in one basket, don’t
cast pearls before swine > to cast pearls before swine.
1.Лексикология английского языка – Г.Б. Антрушина, 1999.
(Antrushina G.B.,, English
Lexicology, 1999)
ix. gverdebi 225 – 241)
2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phraseology
3.
http://www.idiomsite.com/
4.
http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/
5.
www.jlls.org/Issues/Volume%203/No.1/amdumitrascu.pdf
6.
http://www.world-english.org/englishidiomstest.htm
7.
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/proverbs.html
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