English grammar

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S +

HAVE/HAS +

BEEN +

Ving

• 
  I have been doing. We have been doing.
  
• 
  You have been doing. You have been doing.
  
• 
  She/he/it has been doing. They have been doing.
  

S +

HAVE/HAS +

NOT + BEEN +

Ving

• 
  I have not been doing. We have not been doing.
  
• 
  You have not been doing. You have not been doing.
  
• 
  He/she/it not been doing. They have not been doing.
  

HAVE/HAS +

S +

BEEN +

Ving

• 
  Have I been doing? Have we been doing?
  
• 
  Have you been doing? Have you been doing?
  
• 
  Has he/she/it doing? Have they been doing?
  

1. Qoida: Gapirilayotgan vaqtgacha ma’lum bir muddat davom etib, gapirilayotgan vaqtda tugallangan ish-harakatlarni ko’rsatadi. Ish-harakatni tugallanishi yoki ma’lum bir muddat davom etayotganlikdan qolgan asorat bo’ladi.

Ex: 1) You are out of breath. Have you been running? 2) Paul is very tired. He's been working very hard. 3) Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 4) Where have you been? I've been looking for you everywhere.

AMMO: He is happy. He has entered the University bundan mustasno.
2. Qoida: Gapirilayotgan vaqtda tugayotgan yoki davom etayotgan ish harakatning gapirilayotgan vaqtgacha qancha muddat davom etganini/etayotganini ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi.

Ex: 1. I have been working in the garden since morning. 2. I have been waiting for you for three hours. 3. It has been raining for 2 hours.

NOTE: Bunda ish-harakat tugashi shart emas.

3. How long …? So’roq olmoshi bilan ish- harakatning qancha muddat davom etayotganini so’rash uchun.

Ex: How long have you been working in the garden?


THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

S +

V2

• 
  I played . We played.
  
• 
  You played . You played.
  
• 
  He/she/it played . They played.
  

S +

DID +

NOT +

V1

• 
  I did not play. We did not played.
  
• 
  You did not play. You did not play.
  
• 
  He/she/it did not play. They did not play.
  

DID +

S +

V1 ?

• 
  Did I play? Did we play?
  
• 
  Did you play? Did you play?
  
• 
  Did he/she/it play? Did they play?
  

1. Qoida: O’tgan zamonda aniq vaqtda bo’lib o’tgan ish – harakatni ko’rsatadi. Ish harakatning aniq vaqti beriladi yoki vaqt kontekstdan ma’lum bo’ladi. Ish harakat yaqin o’tgan zamonda yoki uzoq vaqt oldin sodir bo’lgan bo’lishi mumkin ammo asosiysi unda aniq vaqtning berilishi.

Ex: 1. I played football yesterday. 2. Your mother phoned a few minutes ago. 3. I never learnt to swim as a child. 4. Pharaons ruled the Egypt for thousands of years.
2. Qoida: O’tgan zamonda odat yoki doimiy tartibli takrorlanuvchi ish – harakatni ko’rsatish uchun (present simple ravishlaridan foydalanish mumkin.): ( To talk about a regular, repeated or habitual event: )

Ex: 1. I went to school every day last year . 2. We went out for a meal every evening on holiday.
3. He got up at 7 o'clock every morning to go to work. 4. He smoked for most of his life.
5. She worked there for twenty years.
3. Qoida: O’tgan zamonda birin-ketin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni ko’rsatishda ishlatiladi (for actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.)

Ex: He came home, had supper and went to bed. 2. First she paid the driver, then she got out of the taxi.

Note: when bilan past simple ishlatiladi.

4. Qoida: Jadvalga asoslangan ish harakatlarning yoki biror bir ish harakatning o’tgan zamondagi boshlanish yoki tugash vaqti past simple bilan. ( past continuous ravishlari bilan.)

Ex: The plane landed at 5 o’clock yesterday. Peter came at 3 o’clock yesterday. It started raining early in the morning.
5. Qoida: Tarixiy shaxslarning ish faoliyatlari, hayotlari to’g’risidagi umumiy ma’lumot berishda.

Ex: A.Navoiy wrote many books.

AMMO: A. Oripov has written many books.

6. Qoida: O’tgan zamonda bajarishga odatlangan va hozirda bajarilmayotgan odatlar, holatlar, ko’rinishlar va ish-harakatlarni ko’rsatish uchun used to/didn’t use to dan foydalanamiz.

Ex: Peter used to smoke. (it means he doesn’t smoke now)

NOTE: Would ham used to kabi o’tgan zamondagi odatlarni ko’rsatishi mumkin: (Use would and used to to talk about past habits:).

E x: When we were children, my brother and I used to/would fight all the time.
AMMO: would bilan o’tgan zamon vaqt ko’rsatkichlari bo’lishi kerak. (When we use would to talk about a past habit, it is necessary to use a past time reference. Used to can be used with or without a past time reference).

I used to go out a lot.(NOT / would go out a lot.)

Before I got this job, I used to/would go out a lot.
Would faqat harakat fe’llari bilan ishlatiladi. Holat fe’llari bilan ishlatilmaydi. (When we talk about past situations (not actions), we can use used to but we can't use would:)

1. 
   We used to live in a flat in the town centre. (NOT Wewould live in a flat in the town centre).
   
2. 
   She used to have long hair but now she wears it short.
   
3. 
   I used to work there. I didn't use to work there.
   
4. 
   Did you use to work there?