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o f by, in, about, as well as, and, on
1. Schccic ... Priestley obtained ... oxygen ... heating various compounds ... the element. 2. Priestley recognized that the gas obtained
... him plays an important role ... combustion. 3. Priestley ... Schccic remained adherent... the phlogiston theory... combustion. 4___the basis
... the experimental results ... the earlier workers Lavoisier established his own concept... combustion. 5. The combustion... a substancc consists
... its combination with oxygen. 6. Oxygen occurs ... the free state ... the atmosphere. 7 one-fifth ... the a ir... volume is oxygen.
Ex. 9. Practise the fractional numerals.
a) Простые дроби.
Modeh '/: — a (one) half
'Л
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—
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a (one) third
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2/j
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—
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two thirds
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I'/: — one and a half
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2 Vi — two and two thirds
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'A, *7s, IV*,
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10'/>, 76/s, 12'/j, \ 9 U , З'Л, 6'/.:, 4'/io
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b) Десятичные дроби.
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Model: 0.1
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— nought point one
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0.01
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— nought point nought one (point nought one)
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2.54
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—
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two point five four
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0.2,0.15,1.25,0.001,3.42, 52.03,0.14,0.7
c) Проценты.
Model: 3% — three per cent (Latin — pro centum) Vi% — two fifths per ccnt
0.1% — nought point one per cent
1%, 7%, 25%, 0.2%, VJ%, 27.3%, 81.357%, 16.5%
Ex. 10. Translate into Russian.
will be discussed, was being studied, will have been taken, arc named, had been discovered, will be obtained, have been written, were being translated, shall have done, arc used, is being done, will be produced, was asked, arc taught, will be given
1. Oxygen was obtained by Schccic and Priestley independently.
Oxygen was obtained by heating mcrcuric oxide. 3. Evidence was found that this gas is a component of the atmosphere. 4. The theory of phlogiston is not much spoken about at present. 5. An important role of oxygen in combustion was discovered by Priestley. 6. The gas obtained was callcd by him “dephlogisticatcd air”. 7. The modem concept of
combustion was established by Lavoisier. 8. Substanccs such as phosphorus and sulphur arc known as non-metals. 9. The name “oxygen” was derived from Greek words meaning “acid former”. 10. Oxygen is found in the free state in the atmosphere. 11. When a substancc is attacked by oxygen, it forms an oxide or a number of oxides. 12. Not unfrcqucntly the elements helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon arc referred to as noble gases. 13. Gold is unafTcctcd by oxygen. 14. Many kinds of oxides arc met with in the study of chcmistry. 1 S. By Dalton’s atomic theory atoms were looked at as indivisible constituents of substanccs. 16. Potassium is quickly actcd on by the oxygen of the air. 17. Oxygen is constantly being put back to the atmosphere by trees and other plants. 18. This method has been followed sincc the time of Priestley. 19. The lccturc was followed by the demonstration of experiments. 20. The first succcss was followed by many others. 21. The yield of the reaction is greatly affectcd by temperature. 22. Attention was drawn to the valcncc of substanccs. 23. Attempts were made to obtain pure oxygen. 24. Much attention has been given recently to the study of this group of oxides.
Ex. 11. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Современное понятие горения было установлено Лавуазье в 1777 году. 2. Этот газ был назван «образующим кислоты». 3. Кисло род был найден в земной коре в виде соединений. 4. Кислород был получен нагреванием различных соединений этого элемента, в част ности, оксида ртути. 5. Работа Пристли была опубликована в 1774 году.
Кислород был открыт и описан во второй половине XVIII века.
Такие вещества, как калий, известны как очень активные металлы.
. На золото кислород не действует ни при какой температуре.
Ex. 12. Make up questions to the italicized parts of the sentences.
1. Priestley lived and worked in England and then in the United States
(3). 2. Oxygen was obtained by heating various compounds of this clement
(3). 3. The word “oxygen" derived from Greek means “acidformer” (2).
Ex. 13. Answer the following questions:
1. What famous scientists worked on the discovery of oxygen? 2. Who was the first to obtain this gas? 3. What was the method of obtaining oxygen? 4. What theory of combustion existed in Priestley’s time? 5. What
did the French chcmist Lavoisier establish? 6. What docs the modem conccpt of combustion state? 7. What docs the word “oxygen” mean? 8. Where docs oxygen occur and in what state?
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