Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Ruzbihan Baqli, The Unveiling of 

Secrets: Diary of a Sufi Master. Translated by Carl W. 

Ernst (Chapel Hill, N.C.: Parvardigar Press, 1997); 

William A. Graham, Divine Word and Prophetic Word in 

Early Islam (The Hague: Mouton, 1977); Ibn al-Arabi, 

The Meccan Revelations. Vol. 1. Edited by Michel Chod-

kiewicz and translated by William C. Chittick and James 

W. Morris (New York: Pir Press, 2002); Moojan Momen, 

An Introduction to Shii Islam (New Haven, Conn.: Yale 

University Press, 1985), 148–160; F. E. Peters, Muham-

mad and the Origins of Islam (Albany: State University of 

New York Press, 1994); Fazlur Rahman, Major Themes 

of the Quran (Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1994).