Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Binyamin Abrahamov, Islamic Theology: 

Traditionalism and Rationalism (Edinburgh: Edinburgh 

University Press, 1998); Michael Cook, Commanding 

Mutazili School

  

513  J

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Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought (Cam-

bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000); Josef van 

Ess,  The Flowering of Muslim Theology (Cambridge: 

Cambridge University Press, 2006); Oliver Leaman, An 

Introduction to Classical Islamic Philosophy (Cambridge: 

Cambridge University Press, 2002); Richard C. Martin 

and Mark R. Woodward (with Dwi S. Atmaja), Defend-

ers of Reason: Mu’tazilism from Medieval School to Mod-

ern Symbol (Oxford: Oneworld, 1997); Harry Austryn 

Wolfson,  The Philosophy of Kalam (Cambridge, Mass.: 

Harvard University Press, 1976).

mysticism

  See 

asceticism

; s

ufism

; 

tariqa

.

K  514  

mysticism

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