Encyclopedia of Islam



Download 11,55 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet618/1021
Sana06.09.2021
Hajmi11,55 Mb.
#166169
1   ...   614   615   616   617   618   619   620   621   ...   1021
Bog'liq
juan-eduardo-campo-encyclopedia-of-islam-encyclopedia-2009

Further reading: Fred Donner, “Review of Studies in the 

Genesis and Early Development of the Caliphal Taxation 

System,”  Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51 (January 

1992): 63–65; Ann Lambton, Landlord and Peasant 



in Persia (London: Oxford University Press, 1953); 

Hossein Modarressi Tabatabai, Kharaj in Islamic Law

(Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1983); A. Ben Shemesh, Taxation in 

Islam. 3 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1958, 1965, 1969).

Khawarij



(Kharijites)

The Khawarij were the first sectarian movement 

in Islamic history. They emerged in 657 

c

.

e



. at the 

battle of Siffin, a site on the Euphrates between 

s

yria


 and i

raq


, where the caliph a

li

 



ibn

 a

bi



 t

alib


(d. 661) was fighting to assert his authority over 

the recalcitrant governor of Syria, Muawiya. After 

Ali’s decision to arbitrate an end to the dispute, a 

group of his previous supporters withdrew from 

his ranks, taking as their watchword “Only God 

can judge” (i.e., God, not man, decides human 

affairs), and declaring their opposition to both 


Download 11,55 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   614   615   616   617   618   619   620   621   ...   1021




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish