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The object of the course work is Project-based learning in teaching speaking.
The subject of the work is analyzing the project-based learning in teaching speaking process.
The aim of the research is based on comparing, learning, analyzing and finding examples which belong to components of PBL in teaching speaking.
The research tasks are set as followings:
to describe the significances of PBL;
to identify main compounds of the PBL in oral module;
to analyze the implementation of effective methods in teaching speaking skills ;
to suggest different ideas for PBL in teaching speaking skills;
The methods of the course work. As for the methods of the course work, descriptive method and comparative method are found as available structures in PBL in teaching speaking skills.
Theoretical value of research:the results of this research will be used to do other course works, articles, dissertations, books or scientific materials related to project-based learninga.
Practical value of research:to utilize this model by teachers at schools, colleges, universities and courses practically while teaching English as an innovational method
The structure of the work: The course work consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, the list of used literature and rezyume.
CHAPTER I GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT- BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING
Project -Based Learning and its importance
PBL is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. Students learn both thinking strategies and domain knowledge. The goals of PBL are to help students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation. Barrows informs that PBL is a form of activity learning.4 PBL is an instructional methodology encouraging students to learn by applying knowledge and skills through an engaging experience. PBL presents opportunities for deeper learning in-context and for the development of important skills tied to college and career readiness. PBL or PBI is an instructional approach designed to give students the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills through engaging projects set around challenges and problems they may face in the real world.
Although definitions and project parameters may vary from school to school, and PBL is sometimes used interchangeably with “experiential learning” or “discovery learning,” the characteristics of project-based learning are clear, constant, and share the spirit of John Dewey’s instrumentalism.5 What does learning look like? Under what conditions does our most profound and best learning occur? For most of us, we learn best by doing, examining, reflecting, and iterating.6
PBL takes the essential characteristics of what we value most about education and puts them front and center of our formal learning environments.
It is a popular and noble aspiration for educators to inspire and develop life-long learners, and PBL gets us away from the high-stakes testing mandates of the last 20 years and closer to the core of what education should be. PBL helps prepare students for the “real world” since that is where their learning naturally occurs.
Characteristics of Project Based Learning
In essence, the PBL model consists of these seven characteristics
Focuses on a big and open-ended question, challenge, or problem for the student to research and respond to and/or solve
Brings what students should academically know, understand, and be able to do into the equation
Is inquiry-based, stimulates intrinsic curiosity, and generates questions as it helps students seek answers.7
Uses 21st century skills such as critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity, among others.8
Builds student choice into the process
Provides opportunities for feedback and revision of the plan and the project, just like in real life
Requires students to present their problems, research process, methods, and results, just as scientific research or real-world projects must stand before peer review and constructive criticism
PBL is a popular teaching practice built around student-driven projects, done either independently or collaboratively, that are often shared with one or more groups of students. This way, students are encouraged to learn by doing, which may lead to more interest, excitement, and energy in the classroom.
The importance of PBL
Project Based Learning, or PBL, is an instructional approach built upon learning activities and real tasks that have brought challenges for students to solve. These activities generally reflect the types of learning and work people do in the everyday world outside the classroom. PBL is generally done by groups of students working together toward a common goal.
It is universally acknowledged that PBL plays crucial roles in language teaching and learning. In many countries worldwide, especially those with highly advanced education, PBL is widely and effectively applied into English teaching and learning. PBL helps students constitute improvement in self-reliance, attendance, and attitudes toward learning and then has a great influence on students' learning behaviors and even their performance.9
Additionally, thanks to PBL, learners develop their 21st century skills including collaborative skills, creative skills, critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, decision-making skills, communicative skills, etc., all of which are absolutely effective for their own lives and help improve their sense of responsibility. Definitions of PBL in terms of pedagogical framework, PBL is regarded as an innovative approach in education.10
Brandsfort, Brown and Cocking define PBL as a powerful approach that encourages students to expand the knowledge they have learnt in a new context. Supplying another definition of PBL, Savery considered PBL as a constructivist instructional method, in which students are encouraged to interact with each other in teams or groups to apply the knowledge in the classroom in order to solve the problems in their real life under the teacher’s instruction.11
Furthermore, The Buck Institute for Education defines PBL as “a systematic teaching method that engages students in learning knowledge and skills through an extended inquiry process structured around complex, authentic questions and carefully designed products and tasks”.12 In short, PBL is known as the new approach in language teaching and learning which encourage students to use their knowledge and skills to solve real-life problems. Through PBL, the ways students comprehend the lesson become more and more effectively.13
Important roles of PBL in English language teaching to students It is imperative that students be beneficial to the use of PBL as mentioned below: Self-regulated learning enhancement as the major purpose of PBL is to assist students to enhance their self-regulated learning performance, students primarily learn how to learn on their own when implementing PBL.14
As engaging into implementing PBL through the process of collecting information from different material sources as well as attaining the knowledge via analysis and synthesis, students themselves stand a great chance of comprehending the lessons more thoroughly and apply them into their real-life situations. Through project implementation, their self-regulation improves day by day.
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