Education of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan named after mirzo

The identity of the comparison process 
Comparative typology and translation operations fall into two stages. A 
typological operation consists of two stages: (a) abstraction, or typologization, 
and (b) correspondence or transformation. 
The translation process also takes place in stages. The initial stage is the 
stage of understanding someone else’s text, the stage of preparation for 
translation, i.e. analytical, abstracted process. The second stage is the stage of 
implementation of the data of the first stage, the synthetic stage. 
As for machine translation, it is also carried out in stages: stages of analysis 
and synthesis, or operations of choice and operations of transformation. The first 
stage is linguistic, which coincides with the first stage of operations performed in 
a comparative typology, since typological operations also involve the process of 
abstraction, or typologization. The second stage of translation operations involves 
synthesizing the results of the linguistic stage, with further correspondence, or 
transformation. The results obtained in the process of typological analysis are 
used in machine translation, because it is impossible to build machine translation 
without a systematic description of languages. 

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However, many data obtained as a result of typological operations may be 
insufficient for machine translation, and vice versa, the results may be redundant 
for a comparative typology (for example, various codes, formulas, algorithms, 
programs, etc.). 
Interlevel of the corresponding units 
The special heterogeneity of systems of unrelated languages requires the 
identification of means of expression of a particular category at all levels of the 
linguistic hierarchy. 
There can be no question of the completeness of comparing or juxtaposing 
a particular text of diverse systems without fixing the means of expressing units 
of all levels. 
The theory of translation is built on similar foundations. Translation 
requires data identified by a typological operation. A special role is played by 
inter-level typological synonyms or transformational variants of the surface 
structure. For example, if in a source language a certain category is conveyed 
using a verbal non-nominalized form, where in another, the relevant norms can 
be nominalized. If in the source language a certain meaning is expressed by units 
of the word level, then in the translation language the corresponding 
confrontations can be correlated with the level of the phrase. For instant, in 
Russian the verb 
принести
(to bring)
is a word, whereas in Uzbek this verb has 
a form of phrase: 
olib kelmoq.
Comparative typology and translation theory are also connected 
theoretically and practically. Communication at the theoretical level is based on 
the fact that, presenting the scientific aspects of language learning, both 
comparative typology and translation are engaged in establishing patterns of 
correspondence between the means of two or more independent languages. At a 
practical level, a comparative typology is associated with the learning process, 
and translation is associated with familiarizing the reader with a foreign language 
text. 

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