Education of the republic of uzbekistan ferghana state university

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED
EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY

Department Foreign Language
Chair English Language
Group 17.73
Theme: STYLISTIC ROLE OF FOREIGN WORDS IN LITERARY TEXTS
COURSEWORK
Teacher: L.Galimullina
Student: Z.Komiljonova

Ferghana 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1. INTRODUCTION.
2. 2.1 Stylistics
2.2 Borrowings
2.3.Foreign words
3 . 3.1 Foreign words we use everyday life.
3.2 Archaic words.
3.3 Stylistic function of conversational words.
4 . 4.1 Literary texts
4.2 Colleqial nuetral literary.
4.3 Poetic words.
5. GLOSSARY
6. Bibliography .......
7. CONCLUSION.
STYLISTIC ROLE OF FOREIGN WORDS IN LITERARY TEXTS
Introduction
Since the last several decades languages around the world have experienced a sharp increase in the number of new words. This process is caused by rapid changes in technology and science, economics and communication as well as by the expansion of intercultural interaction. The English language is arguably affected most by these factors among other languages. Being a truly global language and having already a vocabulary in public sphere of over 500000 words English continues to borrow new words from all over the world or form new words with the borrowed stems and affixes Among the latest acquisitions of the English language are burkini, blend of burqa and bikini – ‘a swimsuit worn by Muslim women which covers the wholebody’ (available at http://www.wordspy.com/), haveli (Indian – ‘mansion’), arré (Indian – ‘interjection used to attract someone’s attention’). According to the survey carried out by Global Language Monitor, the English language obtains a new word every 98 minutes .
Stylistics.
Firstly, we would like to mention what the term stylistics means. The word ‘stylistics’ was used in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1882 for the first time and its meaning was ‘the science of literary style’.Stylistics is a relatively modern discipline of literary studies and a technical branch of applied linguistics which focuses on the study of style in texts and their analysis. Stylistics is dealing with the way of interaction between the reader and the language in the texts for the purpose of explanation how the reader understands and how is the reader affected by these texts when he reads them.According to Crystal, the stylistics is defined as “the systematic study of style, using the principles and procedures of linguistics. ‘Style’ here includes a range of senses, from the features of language which identify an individual (as in ‘Shakespeare’s style’) to those which identify major occupational groups within the community (as in ‘legal style’, ‘scientific style’).”The main influence of linguistics is in phonological, syntactical and lexical features. Also, other levels of language can be identified in the stylistic analysis – these are i.e. phonetics, graphology, morphology, semantics or pragmatics. In our thesis, we will be engaged in the pragmatic aspect of the communication which is called the functional style of language. We need to report a robbery—by the English language.English has been 'stealing' words from other languages over centuries. To be fair and accurate, words that are adopted from a different language with almost no modification are actually called loanwords. Although, I doubt we'll be giving them back any time soon.James Nicoll, a Canadian blogger and freelance reviewer, described this behavior by the English language as follows:
"English doesn't borrow from other languages. English follows other languages down dark alleys, knocks them over and goes through their pockets for loose grammar."
It sounds harsh but the evolution of English, more so than some other languages, has remained very fluid, allowing various words to be invented or added to the lexicon over time. Dictionary.com goes as far as claiming that 80% of words in the English language have non English origin.
One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that English speaking countries never really had a formally recognized national academy to monitor the words that enter or leave the language.Even though we've had a lot of foreign influence, English is definitely not the only language that does this. In fact there are quite a few words in other languages that don't have English equivalents.Whatever the reason, you're probably peppering your speech with a ton of cool foreign words without even noticing. Most of them are anglicized, but some have stuck to the original. If you’re looking to expand your language knowledge, check out the Brainscape's foreign language flashcards for practically any language.
Below are 15 examples of cool foreign words that are commonly found in conversation (that will also make you sound totally smart), with language of origin and sample sentence, courtesy of How To Learn.l Foreign words we use every day.
Many foreign phrases have taken their place in English speaking and writing. Here are some of the most common. For each phrase, the language from which it comes and its meaning in English is shown. The phrase is then used in a sentence.
ad nauseam
From Latin meaning to a sickening degree. “Tom talked ad nauseam about the time he scored the winning run.”
bon voyage
From French meaning have a nice trip. “We all shouted ‘bon voyage’ as Rosa left for her vacation.”
bona fide
From Latin meaning genuine. “Emma’s teacher was a bona fide expert in European history.”
carte blanche
From French meaning unlimited authority. “As the owner of the store, Mr. Williamson had carte blanche regarding what merchandise to sell.”
caveat emptor
From the Latin meaning let the buyer beware. “I learned what caveat emptor meant the hard way when I bought a bike that never seemed to work right.”
en masse
From French meaning in a large group. “The fans left the football stadium en masse once the score became 42 to 0.”
fait accompli
From French meaning established fact. “Luis was disappointed, but his losing the election for class president was a fait accompli.”
faux pas
From French meaning a social blunder. “Elizabeth realized too late that not attending Susan’s party was a faux pas.”
ipso facto
From Latin meaning by the fact itself. “A teacher, ipso facto, is in charge of his or her class.”modus operandi.From Latin meaning method of operating. “My modus operandi when studying is to set very specific goals.”
persona non grata
From Latin meaning an unacceptable person. “Sally was a persona non grata in our club because she wouldn’t follow the rules.”prima donna
From Latin meaning a temperamental and conceited person. “Laura wasn’t popular with the other girls because they considered her to be a prima donna.”
pro bono
From Latin meaning done or donated without charge. “The lawyer’s pro bono work with the homeless gave him a sense of personal satisfaction.”
quid pro quo
From Latin meaning something for something, usually an equal exchange. “Helping Ian with his math was quid pro quo for the time Ian helped me mow the lawn.”
status quo
From Latin meaning the existing condition. “Because he didn’t like change, Bert always tried to maintain the status quo.”
There is some confusion about whether foreign phrases should be italicized in English writing. There is no definitive rule regarding this. However, by convention, a foreign phrase should be italicized unless you have a strong expectation that your readers will know its meaning. This is a matter of judgment and it is safe to use italics when you write foreign phrases.
As you may have realized, many of these phrases are common in literature and everyday speech. Familiarizing yourself with cool foreign words doesn't only make you look cool, these phrases are necessary for understanding what you read.
It also provides a fascinating glimpse into the ever-evolving nature of language, and how it can change over time as history unfolds. Who knows what then English language will look like 50 years from now?And in our ever-connected world, it's become as increasingly important to know only know cool foreign words in our language, but to learn foreign languages as well.
Whether you want to find a job with an international company that requires learning Spanish, chat to the family of your Brazilian boyfriend, or maybe just order a coffee and croissant in perfect French, speaking a foreign language can get you very far nowadays.
But we know that learning a new language isn't that easy. Otherwise, everyone would be speaking 6 or 7 languages! Luckily, Brainscape, the world's most effective foreign language flashcards app, has a complete toolkit and guide on the best way to learn a foreign language on your own.One of the chief characteristics of English is its teeming vocabulary, an estimated 80% of which has come from other languages! Linguistic borrowing has occurred over many centuries, whenever English speakers have come into contact with other cultures, whether through conquest and colonization, trade and commerce, immigration, leisure travel, or war.While English has borrowed most heavily from the languages of Europe and the Near East, it has also acquired many loan words from Asia, sometimes through the intermediary of Dutch, the native language of the merchant-sailors who dominated the Spice Islands trade in the 17th century.
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Many of these borrowed words no longer seem foreign, having been completely assimilated into English. Some examples are boondocks, gingham, and ketchup. Others are still strongly associated with their country of origin, such as terms for specific "ethnic" dishes or the different schools of martial arts.
Literary words of the English language can be classified into the following groups: poetic diction, archaic words, barbarisms and foreign words, bookish (learned) words.
Poetic diction.
Poetic words are stylistically marked, they form a lexico-stylistic paradigm. In the 17th-18th centuries they were widely used in poetry as synonyms of neutral words. In modern poetry such a vocabulary barely exists.
Poetic words are diverse; they include:
1) archaic words (commix - mix)
2) archaic forms (vale - valley)
3) historic words (argosy - large merchant ship)
4) poetic words proper (anarch, brine),
Their main function is to mark the text in which they are used as poetic, thus distinguishing it from non-fiction texts. In modern poetry such words are seldom used. Their stylistic meaning gets more vivid when they are contrasted to neutral words.
Archaic words.
Archaic words, i.e. out-dated words that denote existing objects, are divided into two groups:
a) archaic words proper: words which are no longer recognised in modern English. They were used in Old English and have either dropped out of language use entirely or completely changed (troth - faith losel - worthless);
b) archaic forms of the words: corse instead of corpse, an instead of and, annoy instead of annoyance.
Speaking of archaic words we should distinguish "ageing/newness" of the word form and "ageing/newness" of the denotatum. And then, accordingly, we may correlate archaic words and historic words on the one hand as well as lexical and stylistic neologisms on the other.
Lexical neologisms are new words that denote new objects (laser, shopping, pop promo, killer, satellite). Stylistic neologisms are new names that denote already existing objects and notions (mole - a spy who successfully infiltrates an organisation; ageism - discrimination of a person on the ground of age).
Historical words are associated with definite stages in the development of a society and cannot be neglected, though the things and phenomena to which they refer no longer exist. Historical words (yeoman, thane, baldric, goblet) have no synonyms as compared to archaic words which may be replaced by their modern synonyms.
Exotic words are borrowed foreign words denoting objects characteristic of a certain country (canzonet, matador). They have no synonyms in the language-borrower, do not form a lexico-stylistic paradigm and therefore are not considered to be lexical EM, but nevertheless they may be used for stylistic purposes.
Borrowings, if they are assimilated, do not differ much from native words as far as their stylistic aspect is concerned. They are usually high-flown synonyms of neutral native words (to commence — to begin, labour- work, female - woman).The stylistic functions of barbarisms and foreign words are similar, they are used to create a local colouring, to identify a personage as a foreigner, or to show his/her mannerism.
Bookish (learned) words are mostly used in official or high-flown style (catenate, depicture, disimprove, dalliance). In official usage, they mark the text as belonging to this or that style of written speech, but when used in colloquial speech or in informal situations, they may create a comical effect.