EdData II: Data for Education Research and Programming (derp) in Africa


senior-level leaders and “champions”



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Toolkit Planning for Language Use in Education Global 08 2015

 senior-level leaders and “champions” 
need to 
be identified who can continue to move forward efforts to plan for effective language use in 
education. Ideally the “champions” should be people who are likely to remain in their positions 


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over several years in order to shepherd the process, particularly if changes in the education 
system leadership overall may take place.
3.3 
Identify pedagogical approach and specific languages to use
USAID can assist countries in analyzing the relevant research on language and learning vis-à-vis 
country contextual factors and education system goals to 
identify a pedagogical approach to 
teaching language and literacy and the specific languages to use in the education system
.
As described in detail in 
Section 2, 
in a context in which multiple languages are spoken, an 
effective pedagogical approach will likely include:
 

Focusing on building children’s L1/familiar language and literacy skills in the primary 
grades. 

Providing instruction in L1 (or other language familiar to children) to facilitate academic 
content learning, at least through the end of primary school.

Beginning instruction of the L2/Lx as a subject to allow children to gain sufficient 
proficiency to transfer their L1 skills to learning the L2; using language specialists to 
teach the L2/Lx.

Providing opportunities for children to continue building their L1/familiar language skills 
throughout primary school, and into secondary school as well, as a means to support both 
L2 learning and academic learning.
If identified as necessary for achieving education
, transition from L1-based to L2/Lx-based 
instruction may take place as well. As previously noted, this should take place only when 
important conditions have been realized: Children have acquired sufficient proficiency to learn 
in
the new languages; teachers are sufficiently proficient in the L2/Lx to teach subject content in 
those languages; and teaching and learning materials geared toward children learning in a second 
language are available.
Special considerations should be given to planning for a trilingual instruction, especially in the 
near term (see text box below). 
As part of identifying the pedagogical approach to language use, a country must 

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