Dictionary of islamic architecture

See also:
Pakistan
Further reading:
S.M.Ashfaque, ‘The Grand Mosque of Banbhore’, 
Pakistan
Archaeology
6: 182–209, 1969.
M.A.Ghafur, ‘Fourteen Kufic inscriptions of Banbhore,
the site of Daybul’, 
Pakistan Archaeology
3: 65–90, 1966.
S.Qudratullah, ‘The twin ports of Daybul’, 
in
Sind through
the Centuries,
Karachi 1981.
bangala
Mughal and Indian term for roof with curved eaves
resembling the traditional Bengali hut.
See also:
char-chala, do-chala
Bangladesh
See Bengal
Basra
Early Islamic garrison town and Iraq’s principal port.
Basra was founded in 635 as a twin garrison town of
Kufa. The purpose was to relieve the pressure of the
constant immigration into Iraq as well as to provide a
base for the opening of a new front against the Arabs
of Bahrain. The majority of Arabs in Basra, unlike
those of Kufa, had not taken part in the wars of
conquest in Iraq. The first mosque was marked out
with reeds and people prayed within the enclosed
space without any fixed building. In 665 CE a new
mosque was built on the site by Ziyad, governor of
Iraq. The mosque was built out of baked bricks with
a flat roof supported by teak columns. Unfortunately
the expansion of modern Basra has meant that no
remains of the early period stand above ground.
See also:
Iraq, khatta
bayt
Arabic term for house. In Umayyad and Abbasid
architecture it is used to describe the living units
within palaces and desert residences.
bayt al-mal
Arabic term for treasury (literally ‘house of the
money’). In Friday mosques usually an octagonal or
square room raised up on columns in the centre of
the courtyard.
bazar
Market area in Turkish city.
The Turkish word bazar is derived from the Persian
‘pazar’. A Turkish bazar will normally contain a
Banbhore

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number of specialized buildings such as bedestans,
bath houses (hammams), hans (khans) and
caravanserais as well as private shops, market stalls
and a mosque. One of the earliest examples of a
Turkish bazar is that of Bursa which was first
developed in the fourteenth century. This complex
includes six mosques, three baths, seventeen khans,
six madrassas and a bedestan.