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1.4 Software and methodological support of the course
GOST - norms and requirements that determine the mandatory minimum content of the main educational programs of general education, the maximum volume of the teaching load of students, the level of training of graduates of educational institutions, as well as the basic requirements for ensuring the educational process.
The purpose of the Gost of General Education is to provide:
- Equal opportunities for all citizens to receive quality education;
- the unity of the educational space in the Russian Federation;
- protecting students from overload and maintaining their mental and physical health;
- professional and social security of teaching staff;
- the rights of citizens to receive complete and reliable information about state norms and requirements for the content of general education and the level of training of graduates of educational institutions;
- a unified approach for calculating federal standards for financial costs for the provision of services in the field of general education.
GOST Components
The state standard of general education includes three components: the federal component, the regional component, and the educational institution component.
The federal component is the main part of the State Standard, which is mandatory for all state, municipal and non-state educational institutions of the Russian Federation that implement the main educational programs of general education and have state accreditation. /1/ /Appendix 2/
1.5 Visibility from a philosophical point of view
The problem of visibility is one of the most important. Living contemplation, i.e. visual perception of external objects is an essential and starting point in the process of cognition. About visibility, as the beginning of any cognition, J.A. Komensky in his “Great Didactics” says that the beginning of cognition should always come from feelings, because. nothing exists in cognition that was not previously in sensation. “Knowledge begins from sensory perception, with the help of imagination it passes into memory, then through the generalization of the individual, an understanding of the general is formed, and, finally, to clarify knowledge about things that are sufficiently understandable, it makes a judgment .”/ 23/
Visual perception is not only the beginning of any knowledge, but also its basis. Ya.A. Komensky says on this occasion that visibility is the basis of learning because it provides an easy imprint of the material being studied. Clarity makes it easier to capture the subject, i.e. the formation of a clear, precise idea about it. Visualization is also the most important moment in the development of human memory. We find especially many statements on this subject from K.D. Ushinsky. For example, he defines the importance of visualization for the development of memory in the following way: “A teacher who wants to firmly imprint something in the student’s memory must take care that as many sense organs as possible - eye, ear, voice, sense of muscular movements and even , if possible, smell and taste - took part in the act of remembering. If you want the student to learn something firmly, then make as many nerves as possible participate in this assimilation, make them participate:
one. Vision, showing a map or a picture, but in the act of seeing, force not only the muscles of the eye to participate by the outlines of the image, but also the retina of the eye by the action of the colors of the painted picture;
2. call on the vocal organ, forcing the student to pronounce loudly and clearly what he is learning;
3. Encourage the ear by having the student listen carefully to what the teacher is saying clearly and loudly or being repeated by other students and noticing mistakes made;
4. Call on the muscular feeling of the hand, forcing you to draw a picture, write a "word ". / 20 /
The significance of visualization for the development of thinking is determined by the fact that the visual method provides not only material, not only content itself for our thinking; it acquaints us with concrete logical forms of thought itself. The logical patterns that we find in the process of thinking are nothing but a reflection of those connections and relationships that we observe in things.
The essence of visualization is concrete knowledge about the subject, because it is given to us through the senses. And since Since each object is cognized with the help of the sense organs at the same time, it follows that the principle of visibility requires that students perceive the object being studied by all the relevant sense organs. Having exceptionally great importance in the learning process, visibility is one of the basic principles of didactics and one of the main methodological principles of teaching a foreign language.
The psychological feature of the sensually visual presentation of the material is that it mobilizes the psychological activity of students, reduces fatigue, and arouses interest in foreign language classes. /23/
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