CONCLUSION
Culture being an important and integral part of human society deals with the communication of language by the individuals in a variety of situations and circumstances. They tend to learn more than one language for a number of reasons including academic and professional purposes of life. A large number of students and professionals from Pakistan and Iran tend to learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL) for the satisfaction of communicative and practical purposes of life. However, they lack competence in intercultural communication because English is taught traditionally in Government colleges of interior Sindh and Iranian schools. The pedagogical strategies and prescribed textbooks hardly help learners develop skills in communicating language in context. Therefore, this assignment study indicates problems in view of teaching English as medium of instruction and recommends suggestions for an effective application of cross-cultural awareness into language teaching program.
The subjunctive proper and the imperative are morphologically identical in Hungarian, hence, the status of the subjunctive proper provides a controversial issue, most descriptive grammars do not even recognize it as a formally distinct mood. However, adopting the syntactic criteria given by Pataki (1984) to differentiate the imperative and the subjunctive proper in complement clauses it can be argued that the subjunctive proper comprises an individual mood. The aim of this paper is to examine those linguistic contexts where the subjunctive proper and/or the imperative mood may be used in Hungarian, including comparison of minimal pairs of contexts, where both moods are grammatical. On the basis of a case study and its statistical analysis it is argued that semantic factors influence the selection of the imperative and the subjunctive proper in complement clauses. Further, the results of the experiment to be discussed below provide further evidence in support of the need to differentiate the moods in question.
To sum it up, we can conclude that the results of the experiment strengthened our hypothesis. It has been shown that there is a systematic difference in the distribution of the imperative and the subjunctive proper in complement clauses. Speakers clearly prefer the imperative in complement clauses expressing strong manipulation, whereas in the case of the subjunctive proper there is only a tendency, the subjunctive proper seems to be the preferred option in clauses with weak manipulation. However, this finding does not refute our starting hypothesis; we only need an auxiliary hypothesis. Namely, we have to suppose that the distribution of the imperative is not as restricted as that of the subjunctive proper. This is a reasonable assumption, since the imperative appears not only in complement clauses, but in matrix sentences, too. Overall, the analysis of the experimental data supported the starting hypothesis, thus it was proved that the distribution of the imperative and the subjunctive proper in Hungarian complement clauses is determined by semantic factors. The statistical analysis partly confirmed that the imperative is licensed in clauses expressing strong manipulation, while the subjunctive proper in clauses designating weak manipulation. The present discussion can be regarded as a pilot study to further research on the distribution of moods in Hungarian. Nevertheless, I think that the results of this analysis provide another argument in favor of the treatment of the subjunctive proper as an independent mood.
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